Items tagged “sports”
31 results found
Article
Fatigue fracture
Fatigue fractures (also known as overuse fractures) are a type of stress fracture due to abnormal stresses on normal bone. They should not be confused with an insufficiency fracture, which occurs due to normal stresses on abnormal bone. Plain radiographs typically demonstrate a linear sclerotic ...
Article
Tendon pathology
A number of processes can cause tendon pathology and there is a discrepancy in terminology reflecting the unclear pathophysiology.
Terminology
tendinopathy: general umbrella term for pain and swelling of a tendon 2,3
tendinitis
previously popular term largely replaced by tendinopathy 3
now...
Article
Tennis leg
Tennis leg represents a myofascial or tendinous injury of the lower limb and, not surprisingly, is seen most frequently in tennis players.
Epidemiology
Although classically seen in people who play tennis, it can also be induced by playing squash, skiing, and athletics. Therefore, it typically ...
Article
Medial tibial stress syndrome
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), also known as shin splints, describes a spectrum of exercise-induced stress injury that occurs at the medial tibial mid-to-distal shaft. This term is often incorrectly used to indicate any type of tibial stress injury but more correctly refers to the earlier...
Article
Distal intersection syndrome
The distal intersection syndrome relates to tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon (3rd extensor compartment), where it crosses the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB) tendons (2nd extensor compartment) 1. It is distinct from intersection syndrome which oc...
Article
Radiographic evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Radiographic evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction involves:
femoral component
a line is drawn along the posterior cortex of the femur
a second line is drawn along the roof of the intercondylar notch of the femur (Blumensaat line)
the point of intersection of these tw...
Article
Pronator teres syndrome
Pronator teres syndrome (also called pronator syndrome) is one of three common median nerve entrapment syndromes; the other two being anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and the far more common carpal tunnel syndrome. Signs and symptoms result from compression of the median nerve in the upper f...
Article
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS), previously known as anterior tibial syndrome, is a type of compartment syndrome that is brought on by exercise.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence is not known since sufferers may modify the way they exercise and therefore never present. CECS can ...
Article
Ischiofemoral impingement
Ischiofemoral impingement refers to the impingement of soft tissues between the ischial tuberosity and lesser trochanter of the femur.
Clinical presentation
Patients with ischiofemoral impingement present with chronic pain in the groin and/or buttock, without a history of traumatic injury. Pa...
Article
Snapping iliopsoas tendon
Snapping iliopsoas tendon is one of the external causes of a medial snapping hip and occurs when a portion of the iliopsoas tendon moves abruptly onto the superior pubic ramus leading to a snap.
Epidemiology
Most commonly affects athletes with repeated hip abduction (e.g. dancing, gymnastics,...
Article
British Athletics muscle injury classification
The British Athletics muscle injury classification (BAMIC/BAC) is a five-point MRI-based system that is based on extent and site. It has been primarily based on hamstring injuries but is used in other muscle injuries. The classification system has been shown to have moderate inter- and intra-rat...
Article
Valgus extension overload syndrome
Valgus extension overload syndrome, also known as pitcher's elbow, refers to a constellation of symptoms and pathologies commonly seen in overhead throwing athletes secondary to high repetitive tensile, shear and compressive forces generated by the overhead throwing motion.
The syndrome may cor...
Article
Posteromedial elbow impingement
Posteromedial elbow impingement is a throwing-induced elbow injury caused by the mechanical bony or soft tissue abutment of the posteromedial elbow joint due to repetitive micro-trauma affecting the posteromedial fossa. It can occur in isolation or as one manifestation of valgus extension overlo...
Article
Sports injuries: overhead elbow
Overhead elbow sports injuries are a group of pathologies seen in sports activities with overhead throwing or strokes, e.g. tennis, volleyball, baseball, javelin throwing. There has been a tremendous increase in the number of participants in these sports activities worldwide.
Pathology
During ...
Article
Little leaguer's elbow
The little leaguer's elbow was initially coined to describe medial epicondyle avulsion, but more recently it refers to a range of acquired elbow abnormalities in a skeletally immature patient engaged in overhead sports such as tennis, baseball, etc.
Epidemiology
It occurs in skeletally immatur...
Article
Pivot shift test
The pivot shift test forms part of the orthopedic examination of a post-traumatic knee. A positive test shows high specificity for injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Procedure
The pivot shift test is performed on a supine patient.
At the start the subject's knee is permitted to droop ...
Article
Cuboid syndrome
Cuboid syndrome is a cause of lateral midfoot pain, believed to result from abnormal articulation of the cuboid with the calcaneus (calcaneocuboid joint).
Clinical presentation
Cuboid syndrome presents with lateral foot pain and swelling, often diffuse and similar to an ankle (ligament) sprain...
Article
Extensor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendinopathy is varied and includes tendinosis, (stenosing) tenosynovitis, tendon instability, and (rarely) rupture.
Epidemiology
Athletes at increased risk of ECU tendinopathy include those who participate in 1,2:
racquet sports, e.g. tennis
club sports, e...
Article
Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow
Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow is the most common pattern of elbow instability, most commonly seen following posterior elbow dislocation 1. It is characterized by 2-4:
posterolateral subluxation/dislocation of the radial head relative to the capitellum
posterior displa...
Article
Osborne-Cotterill lesion
Osborne-Cotterill lesions represent a shear or depression fracture of the posteroinferior aspect of the capitellum and an avulsed fragment in posterolateral elbow most commonly seen in patients with chronic posterolateral rotatory instability.
Pathology
It is thought to be due to posterolater...