Items tagged “stub”

The 5th metacarpal pit refers to the normal exaggeration of the pit-like depression in the head of fifth metacarpal 1.  Differential diagnosis It should not be mistaken for a boxer fracture (old or new) or an erosion.

There is much variation in acromioclavicular joint configuration, which may be confused with pathology. The relationship of the acromion to the distal clavicle at the AC joint can be described in the coronal plane as 1-3: horizontal: normal low-lying: associated with shoulder impingement (unfo...

Ameloblastic fibromas appear as unilocular lucent mandibular lesions, most frequently in the posterior mandible, and are usually associated with impacted teeth, centered on the unerupted crown. They, therefore, appear very similar to unilocular ameloblastomas. They are composed of enamel and emb...

Apple-peel intestinal atresia, also known as type IIIb or Christmas tree intestinal atresia, is a rare form of small bowel atresia in which the duodenum or proximal jejunum ends in a blind pouch and the distal small bowel wraps around its vascular supply in a spiral resembling an apple peel. Oft...

The banana sign is one of the many notable fruit inspired signs. This sign is seen on axial imaging through the posterior fossa of fetuses with associated conditions such as  Chiari II malformation and/or spina bifida. In Chiari II malformation, the banana sign describes the way the cerebellum...

The bright rim sign, also known as the hyperintense ring sign, has been described in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET). It is described as a well-defined rim of high signal around the DNET on FLAIR sequences. This T2/FLAIR hyperintense ring, whether complete or incomplete, is fairly...

Distribution of bronchiectasis can help in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Central bronchiectasis is typically seen in: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) congenital tracheobronchomegaly (also known as Mounier Kuhn syndrome) cystic fibrosis Williams Campbell syndrome (rare)...

Cerebral edema refers to a number of interconnected processes which result in abnormal shifts of water across various compartments of the brain parenchyma. It is observed in the majority of injuries involving the central nervous system 5. It has traditionally been broadly divided into vasogenic...

Chemotherapy induced cholangitis is caused when intra-arterial chemotherapy is introduced to treat liver metastases. This causes strictures of the common hepatic duct and main ducts, but spares distal and proximal (i.e. common bile duct and intrahepatic ducts).  Radiographic features similar t...

Coalescent mastoiditis is simply the term given to acute otomastoiditis when mucoperiosteal disease extends to involve the bone. The septae which normally separate one mastoid air cell from another are resorbed. This change is only easily appreciated on thin section bone-algorithm through the te...

Colonic strictures can be long (>10 cm) or short. Short scirrhous colorectal carcinoma (apple core sign) post surgical (anastamotic stricture) Long malignancy scirrhous colorectal carcinoma gastrointestinal lymphoma inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis Crohn disease post radi...

Congenital vascular anomalies form a subgroup of vascular anomalies present at birth. They comprise both vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Based on the ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies 1 here is a non-comprehensive list with examples of vascular anomalies that are usually co...

Cowdry bodies are eosinophilic or basophilic neuronal intranuclear inclusions composed of nucleic acid and protein, this cytopathic changes are considered a hallmark of viral infection.1. Pathology Cowdry bodies are in fact fixation artifacts and not directly the result of the intracellular vi...

The differential diagnosis for cystic masses of the mediastinum include: foregut duplication cysts bronchogenic cyst esophageal duplication cyst neuroenteric cyst pericardial cyst meningocele lymphangioma thymic cyst cystic teratoma of mediastinum cystic degeneration of an intrathoraci...

Denervation changes in muscles or denervation myopathy can be observed in a number of settings and results from partial or complete loss of innervation. There is a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations: temporary or permanent symptomatic or asymptomatic. Pathology Causes include 2: neur...

The double line sign is a pathognomonic MRI finding seen at the periphery of a region of osteonecrosis or bone infarct, representing the border between the viable and non-viable bone 4. It is best seen on T2 and T2 FS sequences and consists of two serpentine lines: an inner bright line represent...

Empty gestational sacs can be due to a number of causes: anembryonic pregnancy (also known as "blighted ovum") early pregnancy (intrauterine): by 5.5 weeks gestational age, a yolk sac should be identifiable by transvaginal ultrasound pseudogestational sac with an ectopic pregnancy gestationa...

Epidermolysis bullosa refers to a rare group of genetically determined conditions characterized by blistering of the skin. This can be limited to the soles and palms or extensive whole body involvement. Mutations in more than 20 different genes have been reported that contribute to the disease's...

The external petrosal nerve is one of the three branches from the geniculate ganglion. It carries sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic plexus surrounding the middle meningeal artery, coursing extradurally laterally to the greater and lesser petrosal nerves on the petrous ridge's anterior surf...

The eye of the tiger sign refers to symmetric bilateral abnormal low signal on T2-weighted MRI (due to abnormal accumulation of iron) in the globus pallidus with central high signal (due to gliosis and spongiosis). The eye of the tiger sign is most classically associated with pantothenate kinas...