Items tagged “stub”
1,310 results found
Article
Candida pneumonia
Candida pneumonia is form of pulmonary candidiasis where there is air space opacification due opportunistic infection by the fungus Candida albicans. It typically occurs in immunocompromised patients. Due to the organism normally being present as part of oro-pharyngeal flora the diagnosis is oft...
Article
Pantaloon hernia
A pantaloon hernia, also known as a saddlebag hernia, is defined as any combination of two adjacent hernia sacs of the femoral or inguinal region (direct or indirect inguinal hernias (alternative plural: herniae)) on the same side 2. Thus, examples include: femoral with direct hernias, femoral w...
Article
Maydl hernia
Maydl hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are defined as the presence of two small bowel loops within a single hernial sac, that is, there are two efferent and two afferent loops of bowel, forming a "W" shape. Hence sometimes known as a W hernia or a hernia-in-W.
This type of hernia is more p...
Article
Gigantomastia
Gigantomastia (also known as macromastia or mammomegaly) is the term employed when there is massive breast enlargement. It is often associated with pregnancy. It may be rarely unilateral.
Gigantomastia is a very common condition characterized by proliferation of either breast fatty tissue or gl...
Article
Carotid cave
The carotid cave is a potential dural space formed by the redundant distal dural ring on the medial aspect of the clinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It has been reported to be present in ~80% of cadaveric specimens 3.
Gross anatomy
The clinoid segment of the ICA is bounded b...
Article
Male reproductive system
The male reproductive system (or tract) includes:
penis
testes
epididymides
ductus deferentia
ejaculatory ducts
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands
It can be imaged using almost the entire range of imaging modalities but ultrasound and MRI are most often used (in part because...
Article
Mushroom cap sign (endometriosis)
The mushroom cap sign is one of the important signs of deep rectosigmoid endometriosis seen on T2 weighted MRI sequence. It indicates the submucosal involvement in the rectosigmoid colon. The hypertrophic muscularis propria appears as heterogeneous low signal intensity surrounded by the high sig...
Article
Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential
Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is defined by the World Health Organization as a heterogeneous group of uterine smooth muscle tumors that cannot be histologically diagnosed as unequivocally benign or malignant 1.
See also
WHO classification of uterine tumo...
Article
Bicaudate index
The bicaudate index is the ratio of width of two lateral ventricles at the level of the head of the caudate nucleus to distance between outer tables of skull at the same level. It can be a useful marker of ventricular volume and in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus.
See also
Evans' index
Article
Slit ventricle syndrome
Slit ventricle syndrome refers to cerebrospinal fluid shunt-related symptoms in the setting of small ventricles demonstrated on radiologic studies.
Clinical presentation
The presence of characteristic symptoms is required to diagnose slit-ventricle syndrome and must be distinguished from slit-...
Article
Antiphospholipid syndrome (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome is one of the most frequent arterial complications of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Pathology
It is essentially related to pulmonary arterial microthrombosis and may cause a wide spectrum of conditions, which include 3-5:
pulmonary thromboembol...
Article
Random pulmonary nodules
Random pulmonary nodules refer to a distribution pattern of pulmonary nodules where their pattern of involvement with respect to the lung lacks an architectural predominance. These nodules affect the fissures, peribronchovascular structures and the center of the secondary pulmonary nodules. They...
Article
Stieda fracture
Stieda fractures refer to a bony avulsion injury of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) at the medial femoral condyle. When it fails to unite, it is known as a Pellegrini Stieda lesion.
It should not be confused with a Stieda process fracture of the talus.
Clinical presentation
Avulsion of t...
Article
Biparietal diameter
Biparietal diameter (BPD) is one of the basic biometric parameters used to assess fetal size.
BPD together with head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) are computed to produce an estimate of fetal weight. In the second trimester this may be extrapolated t...
Article
Femur length (obstetric ultrasound)
Fetal femur length (FL) is a basic biometric parameter to assess fetal size. Femur length, together with biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference, are computed to produce an estimate of fetal weight. In the second trimester, this may be extrapolated to an estimate of ...
Article
Calyceal microlithiasis
Calyceal microlithiasis or more specifically renal calyceal microlithiasis is defined as <3 mm hyperechoic foci noted within the renal calyces on gray scale ultrasonography 1. It has been considered as a precursor for renal stone formation.
Clinical presentation
The patient may be asymptomati...
Article
Superior pulmonary sulcus
The superior pulmonary sulcus (or just the superior sulcus) has been variously and inconsistently used in the past to refer to various structures in the pulmonary apex, both extrapulmonary and also a groove in the lung surface itself. It is now the majority opinion that no such structure exists;...
Article
Mixed dust pneumoconiosis
Mixed dust pneumoconiosis (MDP) is classified as a type of pneumoconiosis. It is sometimes classified pathologically as a pneumoconiosis showing dust macules or mixed-dust fibrotic nodules, with or without silicotic nodules, in an individual with a history of exposure to mixed dust 2.
Article
Foramen of Langer
The foramen of Langer is a defect in the deep pectoralis fascia. It is a defect at the level of the third intercostal space, through which the upper lateral portion of the breast extends into the axilla forming the axillary tail of Spence.
Article
Suspensory ligament of the axilla
The suspensory ligament of the axilla is the inferior extension of the clavipectoral fascia on each side of the thorax.
Gross anatomy
The suspensory ligament of the axilla originates from the inferior border of pectoralis minor, where the 'leaflets' of the clavipectoral fascia have fused again...
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