Items tagged “summary”
149 results found
Article
Pulmonary embolism (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Pulmonary embolism refers to occlusion of the pulmonary arteries or its branches, usually via venous thrombus.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more in our article on pulmonary embolism.
Summary
epidemi...
Article
Extradural hemorrhage (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Extradural hemorrhages (EDH) represent collections of blood in the extradural (epidural) space. The hemorrhage sits between the skull superficially and the dura which overlies the brain parenchyma.
The bleed in relation to...
Article
Subdural hemorrhage (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is a collection of blood between the dura and the arachnoid layers of the meninges. They are common and can occur in any age range, usually related to a history of head trauma. Prognosis tends to d...
Article
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space. This is usually found centrally (around the circle of Willis) but can occur in other parts of the brain.
Reference article
This is a summary article; ...
Article
Spinal cord compression (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Spinal cord compression is a surgical emergency and if unrecognised or untreated, can result in irreversible neurological damage and disability. If the spinal roots below the conus medullaris are involved, it is termed caud...
Article
Ischemic stroke (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Ischemic stroke is a clinical diagnosis where an acute neurological deficit follows brain infarction.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more in our article on ischemic stroke.
Summary
anatomy
cerebral v...
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Intracranial tumors (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Intracranial tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors. In adult patients, the majority represent metastatic disease with a smaller proportion being primary brain tumors. Metastasis to the brain occurs, most commonly,...
Article
Cerebral abscess (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Cerebral abscesses represent focal areas of infection within brain parenchyma, usually containing pus and having a thick capsule. They typically have enhancing walls and can mimic a number of other significant pathologies.
...
Article
Skull fractures (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Skull fractures usually occur following significant head injury and may herald underlying neurological pathology.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more in our article on skull fractures.
Summary
anatomy...
Article
Investigating head injury (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Investigating head injury is frequently required because head injury is common: in the US there are 1.3 million traumatic brain injuries per year 1. Causes include falls (children and the elderly), motor vehicle accidents (...
Article
Investigating focal weakness (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Investigating focal weakness makes up a large proportion of the workload for neurologists and neuroradiologists. A wide range of serious CNS disorders can present with focal weakness. Appropriate timely imaging can guide di...
Article
Investigating severe headache (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Investigating severe headache (cephalgia is the rarely used medical term for headache 5) is a common requirement in both acute and emergency services. It is also common in neurology clinics and GP surgeries. While many of t...
Article
Investigating seizures (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Seizures are a common medical emergency and presentation to emergency departments 1-3. All new seizures or changes in seizure activity merit assessment with neurologists, and usually require neuroimaging 3,4. They can be di...
Article
Investigating cauda equina syndrome (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is the compression of nerve roots within the cauda equina and a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis, investigation and treatment if the prognosis is to be anything other than bleak 1...
Article
Investigating altered consciousness (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Altered consciousness or confusion is a common reason for admission to hospital, and involvement of radiology 1,2.
Although the most common reason for acute confusion is intoxication which will improve - when altered neuro...
Article
MRI brain (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
MRI brain is a specialist investigation that is used for the assessment of a number of neurological conditions. It is the main method to investigate conditions such as multiple sclerosis and headaches, and used to character...
Article
COPD (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is defined as a condition characterized by persistent air flow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways...
Article
Asthma (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. It is defined by two main features 1:
a history of respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of breat...
Article
Pneumonia (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Pneumonia refers to infection within the lung and results in infective fluid and pus filling the alveolar spaces. This initially results in patchy airspace opacification and then more confluent consolidation.
Reference art...
Article
Chest x-ray: PICC position (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Chest x-ray PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) position should be assessed following initial placement and on subsequent radiographs.
Reference article
This is a summary article; we do have a more in-depth refe...
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