Items tagged “tb”
21 results found
Article
Renal tuberculosis
Renal tuberculosis, a subset of genitourinary tuberculosis, accounts for 15-20% of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and can result in varied and striking radiographic appearances.
Tuberculosis can involve both the renal parenchyma and the collecting system (calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder a...
Article
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, also known as scrofula and king's evil, continues to be seen in endemic areas and in the industrialised world particularly among the immunocompromised.
Epidemiology
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tubercu...
Article
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis through ...
Article
Tuberculous otomastoiditis
Tuberculous otomastoiditis is an uncommon form of acute otomastoiditis that occurs secondary to tuberculosis infection, although its frequency is increasing as a result of greater population of immunocompromised patients.
Clinical presentation
Classically it is described as presenting with
pa...
Article
Tuberculosis (intracranial manifestations)
Tuberculosis of the central nervous system can result from either hematogenous spread from distant systemic infection (e.g. pulmonary tuberculosis) or direct extension from local infection (e.g. tuberculous otomastoiditis).
Intracranial manifestations of tuberculosis are protean and can affect ...
Article
Tuberculosis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are varied and depend in part whether the infection is primary or post-primary. The lungs are the most common site of primary infection by tuberculosis and are a major source of spread of the disease and of individual morbidity and mortality.
A general d...
Article
Ghon lesion
A Ghon lesion, sometimes called a Ghon focus, represents a tuberculous caseating granuloma (tuberculoma) and represents a sequela of primary pulmonary tuberculosis infection.
Terminology
Radiologically, this term is used quite loosely to refer to a calcified granuloma; technically, the Ghon le...
Article
Ranke complex (tuberculosis)
Ranke complex is seen in 'healed' primary pulmonary tuberculosis and is a later manifestation of the Ghon complex. It consists of two components:
a Ghon lesion that has undergone calcification
an ipsilateral calcified mediastinal node
It is important to note that a Ranke complex is not specif...
Article
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis is the most common presentation of intracranial tuberculosis, and usually refers to infection of the leptomeninges. Uncommonly tuberculosis can be limited to the pachymeninges (dura mater), it is called tuberculous pachymeningitis and is discussed separately.
The remaind...
Article
Tuberculous pachymeningitis
Tuberculous pachymeningitis is a rare form of CNS tuberculosis characterized by a chronic tuberculous infection leading to a dura mater involvement. Common sites of involvement are cavernous sinuses, floor of middle cranial fossa and tentorium.
This condition should not be confused with the com...
Article
Tuberculous spondylitis
Tuberculous spondylitis, also known as Pott disease, refers to vertebral body osteomyelitis and intervertebral discitis from tuberculosis (TB). The spine is the most frequent location of musculoskeletal tuberculosis, and commonly related symptoms are back pain and lower limb weakness/paraplegia....
Article
Putty kidney
A putty kidney refers to a pattern of renal calcification associated with renal tuberculosis conventionally described on plain radiography. The calcification can be large, round or oval, dense or very homogeneous and ground glass-like, representing calcified caseous tissue within dilated calyces...
Article
Tuberculous mastitis
Tuberculous mastitis is often considered a form of granulomatous mastitis secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculous infection of the breast. Some authors however reserve the term granulomatous mastitis to idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.
Tuberculous mastitis can mimic many other pathologies in ...
Article
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is seen in patients not previously exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Epidemiology
It is most common in infants and children and has the highest prevalence in children under 5 years of age 1.
Pathology
Infection is the result of droplet inhalation from a cl...
Article
Post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Post-primary tuberculosis is also known as reactivation tuberculosis or secondary tuberculosis. The typical upper zone predominant destructive pneumonia is due to an adaptive immune response in an immunocompetent host 1.
Pathology
Location
The upper zone predominance of pulmonary cavitation c...
Article
Miliary tuberculosis
Miliary tuberculosis is an uncommon pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. It represents hematogenous dissemination of uncontrolled tuberculous infection and carries a relatively poor prognosis. It is seen both in primary and post-primary tuberculosis and may be associated with tuberculous inf...
Article
Cardiac tuberculosis
Cardiac tuberculosis refers to the rare infection of the heart with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pathology
Generally associated with and occurring as a complication of mediastinal and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pericardial and myocardial involvement is known. Endocardial spread may occur from myo...
Article
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) refers to the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pathology
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can occur as a primary form of the disease, i.e. direct infection of an extrapulmonary organ without the presence of primary pulmonary tuberculosis or it can ...
Article
Tuberculous osteomyelitis
Tuberculous osteomyelitis is one of the rarer musculoskeletal manifestations of tuberculosis.
Epidemiology
Tuberculous osteomyelitis accounts for ~20% of musculoskeletal tuberculosis 5.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with a painful "cold abscess" with a localized mass/swelling +/...
Article
Tuberculous pleuritis
Tuberculous pleuritis is a form of pleural tuberculosis and refers to inflammation of the pleura due to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is considered the second most common form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis 1. It may progress into a tuberculous empyema.
Epidemiology
It may be co...
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