Items tagged “testis”
25 results found
Article
Testicular cancer (staging)
The staging for testicular tumors is performed according to the TNM system with staging groupings. It can be remembered in its abbreviated form as:
stage I: confined to testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, scrotum
stage II: lymph nodes involved but no distant metastases and serum tumor markers...
Article
Unilateral testicular lesions
The differential diagnosis for unilateral testicular lesions is wide-ranging.
Neoplastic
Common
seminoma (40-50% of testicular malignancies)
non-seminomatous germ cell tumors:
testicular teratoma
testicular epidermoid (teratoma with ectodermal elements only)
testicular choriocarcinoma
t...
Article
Paratesticular lesions
Paratesticular lesions have a long list of differential diagnoses:
neoplastic
benign
epididymal cyst (most common epididymal mass)
scrotal tunica cysts
tunica vaginalis cyst
tunica albuginea cyst
spermatic cord lipoma
scrotal hemangioma: is of...
Article
Scrotolith
Scrotoliths, also known as scrotal pearls, are benign incidental extratesticular macrocalcifications within the scrotum. They frequently occupy the potential space of the tunica vaginalis or sinus of the epididymis. They are usually of no clinical significance 1,2.
Epidemiology
The prevalence ...
Article
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancers are the most common malignancy in men between the ages of 20 and 34 years.
Epidemiology
Testicular cancer is uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all internal organ malignancies 2.
The commonest histology of the tumor varies with the age of affected individuals. Over 90...
Article
Paratesticular tumors
A paratesticular mass may derive from a number of structures that surround the testis within the scrotum; most commonly, they derive from the spermatic cord.
Pathology
The masses can be categorized as benign (70%) or malignant (30%).
Etiology
Benign
spermatic cord lipoma (most common parat...
Article
Testicular torsion
Testicular torsion occurs when a testis torts on the spermatic cord resulting in the cutting off of blood supply. The most common symptom is acute testicular pain and the most common underlying cause, a bell-clapper deformity. The diagnosis is often made clinically but if it is in doubt, an ultr...
Article
Testicular cyst
Simple testicular cysts are usually nonpalpable and thus are detected incidentally.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
well-marginated
imperceptible wall
anechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement
no flow on color Doppler
MRI
follows the signal characteristics of fluid on all pulse seque...
Article
Tubular ectasia of rete testis
Tubular ectasia of rete testis (rare plural: retia testes 8) represents dilated testicular mediastinal tubules.
Epidemiology
This condition is more common in men over the age of 55 years.
It is often bilateral, is frequently associated with spermatoceles and may occur as result of a vasectom...
Article
Testicular yolk sac tumor
Testicular yolk sac tumor, also known as endodermal sinus tumor of the testis, is the most common childhood testicular tumor (80%), with most cases occurring before the age of two years 1. In adults, pure yolk sac tumor is extremely rare, however mixed germ cell tumor is commonly seen.
Patholog...
Article
Scrotum
The scrotum (plural: scrota or scrotums) is a dual-chambered protuberance of skin and muscle that contains the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cord. It consists of two chambers separated by a septum. It is an extension of the perineum and is located between the penis and anus.
Gross anatomy...
Article
Testis
The testes (singular: testis), also known as the testicles, are the male gonads and are contained within the scrotum. The testes are responsible for the production of sperm and testosterone.
Terminology
The term testis (plural testes) is preferred by the Terminologia Anatomica, over testicle. ...
Article
Polyorchidism
Polyorchidism, also known as supernumerary testes, refers to the presence of more than two testes and is a very rare congenital anomaly. The supernumerary testis can be usually located inside the scrotum (75% of the patients) or less commonly in the inguinal canal, the retroperitoneum, or the ab...
Article
Testicular appendix
A testicular appendix (alternatively called appendix of testis or appendix testis, and historically also known as hydatid of Morgagni) represents a developmental remnant of the paramesonephric duct (Müllerian duct) which is situated in the upper pole of the testis inside a groove between the tes...
Article
Fibrous pseudotumor of the scrotum
Fibrous pseudotumor of the scrotum is a relatively rare, non-neoplastic extratesticular non-epididymal lesion.
Epidemiology
It affects any age. Although rare, it is considered the third most common extra testicular mass after a scrotal lipoma and an epididymal adenomatoid tumor.
Risk factors...
Article
Leydig cell tumor of the testis
A Leydig cell tumor of the testis is an uncommon testicular neoplasm. Its imaging appearance on ultrasound and MRI is nonspecific, but clinically it is associated with serum hormonal imbalance.
Epidemiology
1-3% of all testicular tumors, but the most common sex-cord stromal tumor. Tend to be b...
Article
Burned-out testis tumor
Burned-out testis tumors may be present if there is metastatic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, but the primary testicular tumor is a relatively occult, scarred intratesticular focus. Approximately 50% of the "burned-out" tumors continue to harbor malignant cells.
Pathology
Retroperitoneal ger...
Article
Cystadenoma of the rete testis
Cystadenoma of the rete testis is a rare cystic testicular tumor. It does not have specific imaging features, but may be suggested in the differential of a large multiloculated cystic tumor involving the testis. It cannot be radiologically differentiated from cystadenocarcinoma.
Epidemiology
R...
Article
Cystadenocarcinoma of the rete testis
Cystadenocarcinoma of the rete testis is the malignant version of cystadenoma of the rete testis.
Epidemiology
Primarily a disease of older men (>60 years old), but has been noted in a wide age range (8-91 years).
Pathology
Histologic evaluation requires exclusion of malignant mesothelioma...
Article
Splenogonadal fusion
Splenogonadal fusion is a rare anomaly that occurs when there is congenital fusion between a portion of the spleen and a gonad or other mesonephric derivative.
Epidemiology
Much more common in male patients (~95%), occurs most commonly on the left (98%) and usually involves the testis (95%). H...
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