Items tagged “thyroid”

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid gland and frequently has nodal metastases at presentation. Terminology When the tumor measures <1 cm, the term micropapillary carcinoma (mPTC) is used 14.  Epidemiology Papillary thyroid cancer (as is the case wit...

Differentiated thyroid cancer staging refers to TNM staging of papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma are staged separately. The following article reflects the 8th edition manual published by the American Joint Committ...

Assessment of thyroid lesions is commonly encountered in radiological practice. Thyroid mass hyperplastic/colloid nodule/nodular hyperplasia: 85% adenoma follicular: 5% others: rare primary thyroid cancer (carcinoma) papillary: 60-80% of carcinomas follicular: 10-20% medullary: 5% anap...

The thyroidea ima artery is an uncommon variant of the blood supply to the inferior aspect of the thyroid gland. It is reported in ~7.5% (range 1.5-12.2%) of individuals and can arise from: brachiocephalic trunk (most common: 1.9-6.0%) right common carotid artery aortic arch internal thoraci...

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most frequent malignancy of the thyroid gland after papillary cancer and accounts for 10-20% of all thyroid neoplasms.  Epidemiology It typically occurs in women and in an older age group than papillary (i.e. 40-60 years of age). Pathology Unl...

The features of an infant with congenital hypothyroidism can be recalled with the following mnemonic: 5 Ps Mnemonic P: pot belly P: pallor P: puffy face P: protruding umbilicus P: poked out tongue

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a subtype of thyroid cancer that accounts for 5-10% of all thyroid malignancies. It occurs both sporadically (80%) and as a familial form. Epidemiology In non-familial cases, it typically peaks in the 3rd to 4th decades. Associations When familial, it is ...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a highly aggressive form of thyroid cancer and accounts for ~1-2% of primary thyroid malignancies. Of all the subtypes, this carries the worst prognosis. Epidemiology Typically occurs in the elderly with the peak incidence in the 6th and 7th decades. A significa...