Items tagged “ultrasound”
505 results found
Case
Testicular torsion
Published
21 Feb 2011
88% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Endometrial atrophy
Endometrial atrophy is a response to a hypo-oestrogenic state. If it occurs after menopause it can be more specifically termed postmenopausal endometrial atrophy.
Clinical presentation
While most patients are asymptomatic, endometrial atrophy is one of the commonest cause of postmenopausal bl...
Article
Endometrial polyp
Endometrial polyps are benign nodular protrusions of the endometrial surface, and one of the entities included in a differential of endometrial thickening. Endometrial polyps can either be sessile or pedunculated. They can often be suggested on ultrasound or MRI studies but may require sonohyste...
Article
Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts usually result from hemorrhage into a corpus luteum or other functional cyst. Radiographic features are variable depending on the age of the hemorrhage. They typically resolve within 8 weeks.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with sudden-onset pelvic pain, p...
Article
Endometrial carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma is generally considered the most common gynecological malignancy. It frequently presents with vaginal bleeding. Both ultrasound and pelvic MRI are useful modalities for evaluation.
Epidemiology
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy, with peak i...
Article
Vasa previa
Vasa previa refers to a situation where there are aberrant fetal vessels crossing over or in close proximity to the internal cervical os, ahead of the fetal presenting part. These vessels are within the amniotic membranes, without the support of the placenta. Vasa previa is a rare but potentiall...
Article
Succenturiate lobe
A succenturiate lobe is a variation in placental morphology and refers to a smaller accessory placental lobe that is separate to the main disc of the placenta. There can be more than one succenturiate lobe.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is ~2 per 1000 pregnancies.
Risk factors
Some au...
Article
Ovarian thecoma
Ovarian thecomas are benign ovarian tumors of sex cord / stromal (mesenchymal) origin. They are thought to account for approximately 0.5-1% of all ovarian tumors. As ovarian thecomas secrete estrogen, they are described as functional ovarian tumors.
Epidemiology
They typically present in older...
Article
Placenta accreta
Placenta accreta is both the general term applied to abnormal placental adherence and also the condition seen at the milder end of the spectrum of abnormal placental adherence (placenta accreta spectrum disorders). This article focuses on the second, more specific definition.
In a placenta accr...
Case
Pneumoperitoneum (ultrasound)
Published
10 Mar 2011
63% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Cervical carcinoma
Cervical carcinoma is a malignancy arising from the cervix. It is the third most common gynecologic malignancy (after endometrial and ovarian).
Epidemiology
It typically presents in younger women with an average age of onset at around 45 years.
Risk factors
human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and...
Article
Cervical polyp
Cervical polyps are polypoid growths projecting into the cervical canal. They can be one of the most common causes of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding.
Epidemiology
Most patients are perimenopausal at the time of presentation, especially in the 5th decade of life. They are the most common mass...
Article
Heterotopic pregnancy
Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare situation when there is an intra-uterine and extra-uterine (i.e. ectopic) pregnancy occurring simultaneously.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence in the general population is estimated at 1:30,000 (for a naturally conceived pregnancy 7). The incidence among pat...
Article
Paraovarian cyst
Paraovarian cysts are remnants of Wolffian duct in the mesosalpinx that do not arise from the ovary. They account for ~10-20% of adnexal masses 3,4.
Terminology
Paraovarian cysts are also sometimes referred to as paratubal cysts or hydatid cysts of Morgagni 14.
Epidemiology
They typically oc...
Article
Ovarian fibroma
Ovarian fibromas are benign ovarian tumors of sex cord/stromal origin. Although fibromas account for ~4% of all ovarian neoplasms, they are the most common sex cord ovarian tumors.
Epidemiology
Fibromas occur at all ages but are most frequently seen in middle-aged women.
Associations
They ar...
Article
Hydrosalpinx
Hydrosalpinx is a descriptive term and refers to a fluid-filled dilatation of the fallopian tube. If the fluid is infected, i.e. pus, then it is a pyosalpinx; if bloody, then hematosalpinx.
Clinical presentation
Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with pelvic pain or infertility.
Path...
Article
Paraovarian cystadenoma
Paraovarian cystadenoma is a usually benign adnexal tumor that does not arise from the ovary. There is an association with Von Hippel Lindau syndrome.
Radiographic features
Pelvic ultrasound
typically seen as a unilateral cystic adnexal lesion
may be a simple cyst, or contain solid nodular a...
Article
Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary is at the benign end of the spectrum of mucin-containing epithelial ovarian tumors.
Epidemiology
The estimated peak incidence is at around 30-50 years of age.
They comprise approximately 80% of mucinous ovarian tumors and 20-25% of all benign ovarian tumors....
Article
Ovarian serous tumors
Ovarian serous neoplasms are the commonest of four general types of the epithelial ovarian tumors, and are more prevalent than the mucinous ovarian tumors.
Serous ovarian neoplasms are subdivided into benign, borderline, and malignant lesions according to their malignant potential and clinical ...
Article
Ovarian follicular cyst
An ovarian follicular cyst is type of simple physiological ovarian cyst.
Terminology
The terms "ovarian cyst" and "ovarian follicular cyst" are often used interchangeably. These two terms describe lesions >3 cm, and it is important to differentiate them from an "ovarian follicle" which is <3 c...