Items tagged “ultrasound”
506 results found
Article
Alpha angle (developmental dysplasia of the hip)
The alpha angle is a measurement used in the ultrasonographic assessment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
Terminology
The term alpha angle is also used in a separate and unrelated context in the evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement.
Measurement
The angle is formed by the ac...
Article
Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage is a major complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is overtaking rebleed as the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the subgroup of patients with SAH who reach the hospital and receive medical care. It usually occurs after a fe...
Article
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian cysts are commonly encountered in gynecological imaging and vary widely in etiology from physiological to complex benign to neoplastic.
Pathology
Small cystic ovarian structures should be considered normal ovarian follicles unless the patient is pre-pubertal, post-menopausal, pregnant,...
Article
Varicocele
Varicocele is the dilatation of the pampiniform plexus of veins, a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. It is the most frequently encountered mass of the spermatic cord.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at ~15% of the general male population and ~40% of subferti...
Article
Unilateral testicular lesions
The differential diagnosis for unilateral testicular lesions is wide-ranging.
Neoplastic
Common
seminoma (40-50% of testicular malignancies)
non-seminomatous germ cell tumors:
testicular teratoma
testicular epidermoid (teratoma with ectodermal elements only)
testicular choriocarcinoma
t...
Article
Polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios refers to a situation where the amniotic fluid volume is more than expected for gestational age.
It is generally defined as:
amniotic fluid index (AFI) >25 cm
largest fluid pocket depth (maximal vertical pocket) >8 cm 6
some centers, particularly in Australia, New Zealand, an...
Article
Oligohydramnios
Oligohydramnios refers to a situation where the amniotic fluid volume is less than expected for gestational age. Often these fetuses have <500 mL of amniotic fluid. When there is almost no amniotic fluid present, this is termed anhydramnios.
Epidemiology
The estimated prevalence can be up to ~...
Article
Intrauterine contraceptive device
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) (also known as intrauterine devices (IUD) and colloquially commonly as the coil) are one of the most frequently used methods of contraception throughout the world. It prevents pregnancy by:
thinning the endometrial lining
preventing sperm motility
pre...
Article
Follicular thyroid cancer
Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most frequent malignancy of the thyroid gland after papillary cancer and accounts for 10-20% of all thyroid neoplasms.
Epidemiology
It typically occurs in women and in an older age group than papillary (i.e. 40-60 years of age).
Pathology
Unl...
Article
Ovarian tumors
Ovarian tumors are relatively common and account for ~6% of female malignancies. This article focuses on the general classification of ovarian tumors. For specific tumor features, please refer to the relevant subarticles.
Pathology
Subtypes
Primary ovarian tumors
Surface epithelial-stromal o...
Article
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a complication of controlled ovarian stimulation, which is an assisted reproduction technique used for in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Rarely, it may also occur spontaneously in pregnancy (see below). It consists of ovarian enlargement with an extravascu...
Article
Stellate ganglion block
The stellate ganglion block describes blockade of the cervicothoracic sympathetic chain which provides post-ganglionic sympathetic efferents to the head, neck and upper extremities. Neural blockade is typically achieved by deposition of local anesthetic between the prevertebral fascia and longus...
Case
Appendicolith
Published
06 Apr 2009
75% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy - retinal detachment
Published
21 Aug 2009
60% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Ultrasound appearances of hepatic metastases
Ultrasound appearance of hepatic metastases can have bewildering variation, and the presence of hepatic steatosis can affect the sonographic appearance of liver lesions.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Patterns do exist between ultrasound appearance of the hepatic metastases and the likely p...
Article
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a hyperplastic cholecystosis of the gallbladder wall. It is a relatively common and benign cause of diffuse or focal gallbladder wall thickening, most easily seen on ultrasound and MRI.
Epidemiology
Adenomyomatosis is relatively common, found in ~9% of al...
Article
Pelvic congestion syndrome
Pelvic congestion syndrome (some prefer pelvic venous insufficiency 9) is a condition that results from retrograde flow through incompetent valves in ovarian veins. It is a commonly missed and potentially treatable cause of chronic abdominopelvic pain.
Epidemiology
It tends to be more common i...
Article
Pseudodysraphism
A pseudodysraphism refers to the splayed appearance of a normal spine created due to excessive craniocaudal angulation during sonographic evaluation. This can erroneously lead to the diagnosis of a spinal neural tube defect.
Article
Paratesticular lesions
Paratesticular lesions have a long list of differential diagnoses:
neoplastic
benign
epididymal cyst (most common epididymal mass)
scrotal tunica cysts
tunica vaginalis cyst
tunica albuginea cyst
spermatic cord lipoma
scrotal hemangioma: is of...
Article
Scrotolith
Scrotoliths, also known as scrotal pearls, are benign incidental extratesticular macrocalcifications within the scrotum. They frequently occupy the potential space of the tunica vaginalis or sinus of the epididymis. They are usually of no clinical significance 1,2.
Epidemiology
The prevalence ...
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