Items tagged “vascular”
44 results found
Article
Pseudovein sign (bowel)
The pseudovein sign can occur with active gastrointestinal bleeding where contrast extravasation during angiography may have a curvilinear appearance as it pools in the gastric rugae or mucosal folds of bowel, mimicking the appearance of a vein. However, contrast in the “pseudovein” persists bey...
Article
Scimitar syndrome
Scimitar syndrome, also known as hypogenetic lung syndrome, is characterized by a hypoplastic lung that is drained by an anomalous pulmonary vein into the systemic venous system. It is a type of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and is one of the several findings in congenital pulmonary ...
Article
Spetzler-Martin arteriovenous malformation grading system
The Spetzler-Martin arteriovenous malformation (AVM) grading system allocates points for various angiographic features of intracranial arteriovenous malformations to give a score that predicts the morbidity/mortality risk of surgery 5.
Grading
The grading system requires correlation between C...
Article
Tumor thrombus
Tumor thrombus is defined as tumor extending into a vessel, typically a vein. It occurs in a wide variety of malignancies. It is vital to distinguish tumor thrombus from "bland" thrombus (free of neoplastic cells) in the setting of neoplasia, as this often impacts staging and treatment approach....
Article
Vascular anatomical variants
Vascular anatomical variants are common:
aortic variants
thoracic aorta
ascending aorta
aortic arch
descending aorta
abdominal
SVC and IVC - caval variants
intracranial arteries - variants
Article
Renal artery stenosis
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) (plural: stenoses) refers to a narrowing of a renal artery. When the process occurs slowly, it leads to secondary hypertension. Acute renal artery stenosis does not lead to hypersecretion of renin.
Pathology
When the stenosis occurs slowly, collateral vessels form a...
Article
Hyperreninaemic hypertension (differential)
Hyperreninaemic hypertension may have many causes including:
renal artery stenosis
renal secreting tumor, e.g. renal cell carcinoma, reninoma
renal compression: large renal mass, subcapsular hemorrhage (Page kidney)
Article
Endovascular aneurysm repair
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was first pioneered in the early 1990s. Since then, the technology of the devices has rapidly progressed, and EVAR is now widely used to treat thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).
The advantages of endovascular repair over open repair are that it is...
Article
Transverse sinus
The paired left and right transverse sinuses, or lateral sinuses, are major dural venous sinuses and arise from the confluence of the superior sagittal, occipital and straight sinuses at the torcular herophili (confluence of sinuses).
On each side, the transverse sinus then runs in the lateral ...
Article
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of the following:
liver disease
dilation of pulmonary vasculature
may involve pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), or pleural arteriovenous malformations
abnormalities in oxygenation...
Article
Ruptured saccular aneurysm
Ruptured saccular (berry) aneurysms usually result in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) but can, depending on the location of the rupture and presence of adhesions to the aneurysm, also result in cerebral hematoma, subdural hematoma, and/or intraventricular hemorrhage.
Epidemiology
Saccuar aneurys...
Article
Duplication of inferior vena cava
Duplication of the inferior vena cava is a relatively rare but well described vascular anomaly. This caval abnormality had an increased association with renal anomalies like crossed fused ectopia or circumaortic renal collar 1,2.
Epidemiology
The incidence of inferior vena cava duplication is ...
Article
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage can be a source of significant yet occult blood loss.
Terminology
Some articles conflate and/or confuse retroperitoneal hemorrhage and Wunderlich syndrome 5. However Wunderlich syndrome refers primarily to bleeding around the kidney, not the retroperitoneum in genera...
Article
Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is a feared complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm and is a surgical emergency. It is part of the acute aortic syndrome spectrum.
Epidemiology
Abdominal aortic aneurysms are common and affect ~7.5% of patients aged over 65 years 6.
The risk of ruptur...
Article
Macaroni sign (arteries)
The macaroni sign is a sign seen in Takayasu arteritis on ultrasound. It represents the smooth, homogeneous and moderately echogenic circumferential thickening of the arterial wall that occurs in Takayasu arteritis.
The sign is highly specific for Takayasu arteritis, more commonly noted in the ...
Article
Arteriovenous fistula
An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a fistulous connection between an adjacent artery and vein. Unlike an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), these are frequently acquired lesions, rather than developmental abnormalities.
Epidemiology
Associations
Certain syndromes are associated with arterioveno...
Article
Arteriovenous access
Arteriovenous access is required for haemodialysis in renal failure patients. The upper limb is generally preferred as a site, however, lower limb access can also be obtained. Ultrasound is the preferred modality for evaluation of the vessels prior to creating an access.
Types
arteriovenous fi...
Article
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
The posterior humeral circumflex artery is a vessel arising from the axillary artery at the proximal part of the arm.
Summary
origin: branch of the axillary artery at the proximal part of the arm 1
location: proximal arm
supply: glenohumeral joint, teres major and minor, and deltoid 1
main ...
Article
Iliac artery endofibrosis
Iliac artery endofibrosis is a rare condition that affects young endurance athletes, characterized by a non-atherosclerotic stenosis of the iliac artery.
Epidemiology
It is a rare entity that affects highly trained endurance athletes, mostly cyclists and long-distance runners 4. The disease ha...
Article
Wall filter
The wall filter in ultrasound is a way of filtering out low or high frequency Doppler signals. In clinical ultrasound, it is usually used to filter out very low frequencies that may add noise to a spectral Doppler waveform.
A typical use is removing the low frequency reverberation of an arteria...