Items tagged “wrist”
74 results found
Article
Mayfield classification of carpal instability (perilunate instability)
Mayfield classification of carpal instability, also known as perilunate instability classification (carpal dislocations), describes carpal ligament injuries.
Instability has been divided into four stages 1-2:
stage I: scapholunate dissociation (rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid)
disruptio...
Article
Colles fracture
Colles fractures are very common extra-articular fractures of the distal radius that occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand. They consist of a fracture of the distal radial metaphyseal region with dorsal angulation and impaction, but without the involvement of the articular surf...
Article
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid fractures (i.e. fractures through the scaphoid bone) are common, in some instances can be difficult to diagnose, and can result in significant functional impairment.
Epidemiology
Scaphoid fractures account for 70-80% of all carpal bone fractures 1. Although they occur essentially at a...
Article
Palmer classification of TFCC abnormalities
Palmer classification for triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) abnormalities is based on the cause, location, and degree of injury 1:
Class 1 - traumatic injury
a: central perforation of the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) disc proper
b: ulnar avulsion with or without distal ulnar fractur...
Article
Chauffeur fracture
Chauffeur fractures (also known as Hutchinson fractures or backfire fractures) are intra-articular fractures of the radial styloid process. The radial styloid is within the fracture fragment, although the fragment can vary markedly in size.
Pathology
Mechanism
These injuries are sustained eit...
Article
Dorsal intercalated segment instability
Dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) is a form of carpal instability featuring dorsal tilt of the lunate. It occurs mainly after the disruption of the scapholunate ligament and is more often encountered than volar intercalated segment instability (VISI).
Clinical presentation
radi...
Article
Ulnar impaction syndrome
Ulnar impaction syndrome, also known as ulnar abutment or ulnocarpal impaction or loading, is a painful degenerative wrist condition caused by the ulnar head impacting upon the ulnar-sided carpus with the injury to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC).
Differentiation from ulnar impinge...
Article
Ulnar impingement syndrome
Ulnar impingement syndrome is a wrist condition caused by a shortened distal ulna impinging on the distal radius proximal to the sigmoid notch. The syndrome is distinct from ulnar impaction syndrome, which typically occurs due to a long ulna (positive ulnar variance) impacting upon the triangula...
Article
Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome
Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome refers to wrist pain due to a long ulnar styloid process impacting upon the triquetral bone.
Pathology
An ulnar styloid >6 mm in length is commonly regarded as being long. Impaction results in chondromalacia of the opposing articular surfaces, i.e. the proximal...
Article
Ulnar-sided wrist impaction and impingement syndromes
There are several distinct ulnar-sided wrist impaction and impingement syndromes. Underlying anatomical causes exist for each syndrome, however, repetitive or excessive use of the forearm and wrist can also contribute.
ulnar impaction syndrome: positive ulnar variance
ulnar impingement syndrom...
Article
De Quervain tenosynovitis
De Quervain tenosynovitis, also known as washerwoman's sprain/strain, is a painful stenosing tenosynovitis involving the first extensor (dorsal) tendon compartment of the wrist (typically at the radial styloid). This compartment contains the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis b...
Article
Perilunate dislocation
Perilunate dislocations and perilunate fracture-dislocations are potentially devastating closed wrist injuries that are often missed on initial imaging.
These injuries involve dislocation of the carpus relative to the lunate which remains in normal alignment with the distal radius. They should...
Article
Lunate dislocation
Lunate dislocations are an uncommon traumatic wrist injury that require prompt management and surgical repair. The lunate is displaced and rotated volarly. The rest of the carpal bones are in a normal anatomic position in relation to the radius.
These should not be confused with perilunate disl...
Article
Scapholunate dissociation
Scapholunate dissociation, also known as rotary subluxation of the scaphoid, refers to an abnormal orientation of the scaphoid relative to the lunate and implies severe injury to the scapholunate interosseous ligament and other stabilizing ligaments.
Carpal dissociation implies carpal instabili...
Article
Terry-Thomas sign
The Terry-Thomas sign refers to an increase in the scapholunate space on an AP radiograph of the wrist (or coronal CT). The increased distance indicates scapholunate dissociation (often with rotary subluxation of the scaphoid) due to ligamentous injury. There is no consensus as to what measureme...
Article
Causes of abnormal lunate signal on MRI
There are several important causes of an abnormal lunate signal on MRI, the most frequent causes being Kienböck disease (25%), ulnar impaction syndrome (25%) and intraosseous ganglia (20%) 1. Appreciation of the pattern of bone signal change can often allow the correct diagnosis to be made.
Kie...
Article
Ulnar variance
Ulnar variance (also known as Hulten variance) refers to the relative lengths of the distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna and is primarily a plain radiographic determination.
Ulnar variance may be:
neutral (both the ulnar and radial articular surfaces at the same level)
positive ...
Article
Ossification centers of the wrist
Ossification of the wrist can be divided into two components:
carpal bone ossification centers
distal radial and ulna ossification centers
Ossification of the carpal bones
Ossification of the carpal bones occurs in a predictable sequence, starting with the capitate and ending with the pisifo...
Article
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve (tunnel syndrome) within the carpal tunnel. It is a cause of significant disability and is one of three common median nerve entrapment syndromes, the other two being anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and pronator teres syndro...
Article
Distal intersection syndrome
The distal intersection syndrome relates to tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon (3rd extensor compartment), where it crosses the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB) tendons (2nd extensor compartment) 1. It is distinct from intersection syndrome which oc...
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