Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Wanderley M, Knipe H, Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 01 Jun 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-162236
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Henry Knipe had the following disclosures:
- Integral Diagnostics, Shareholder (ongoing)
- Micro-X Ltd, Shareholder (ongoing)
These were assessed during peer review and were determined to
not be relevant to the changes that were made.
View Henry Knipe's current disclosures
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) encompasses non-specific symptoms that occur following exposure to inert material (e.g. silicone, aluminum salts), which are thought to trigger an abnormal autoimmune response 1-3. Whether this is association or causation is still under active research 4.
Diagnosis
Proposed diagnostic criteria include 2,3:
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major criteria
external stimuli exposure (e.g. infection, vaccine, silicone, adjuvant) prior to clinical manifestations
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appearance of ’typical’ clinical manifestations:
myalgia, myositis or muscle weakness
arthralgia and/or arthritis
chronic fatigue, un-refreshing sleep or sleep disturbances
neurological manifestations (especially associated with demyelination)
cognitive impairment, memory loss
pyrexia, dry mouth
removal of inciting agent induces improvement
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typical biopsy of involved organs
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minor criteria
appearance of autoantibodies or antibodies directed at the suspected adjuvant
other clinical manifestations (e.g. irritable bowel syndrome)
specific HLA (i.e. HLA DRB1, HLA DQB1)
evolvement of an autoimmune disease (e.g. multiple sclerosis)
History and etymology
ASIA syndrome was first proposed by Schoenfeld and Agmon-Levin in 2011 1,2.
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1. Shoenfeld Y & Agmon-Levin N. 'ASIA' - Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants. J Autoimmun. 2011;36(1):4-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003 - Pubmed
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2. Watad A, Sharif K, Shoenfeld Y. The ASIA Syndrome: Basic Concepts. Mediterr J Rheumatol. 2017;28(2):64-9. doi:10.31138/mjr.28.2.64 - Pubmed
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3. Colaris M, de Boer M, van der Hulst R, Cohen Tervaert J. Two Hundreds Cases of ASIA Syndrome Following Silicone Implants: A Comparative Study of 30 years and a Review of Current Literature. Immunol Res. 2017;65(1):120-8. doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8821-y - Pubmed
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4. Hawkes D, Benhamu J, Sidwell T, Miles R, Dunlop R. Revisiting Adverse Reactions to Vaccines: A Critical Appraisal of Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA). J Autoimmun. 2015;59:77-84. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2015.02.005 - Pubmed
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