Articles
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16,905 results found
Article
Acetabular fracture
Acetabular fractures are a type of pelvic fracture, which may also involve the ilium, ischium or pubis depending on fracture configuration.
Epidemiology
Acetabular fractures are uncommon. The reported incidence is approximately 3 per 100,000 per year. This study reported a 63% to 37% male to f...
Article
Horizontal meniscal tear
A horizontal meniscal tear, also known as a cleavage tear, is a type of meniscal tear in which the tear is oriented horizontally, parallel to the tibial plateau. These tears may be difficult to visualize on arthroscopy.
Epidemiology
They usually tend to be degenerative with a greater occurrenc...
Article
Vertical meniscal tear
Vertical meniscal tears are a morphological subtype of meniscal tear where a component of the tear is seen extending in a vertical orientation parallel to the circumference of the meniscus.
Epidemiology
They tend to occur in younger patients following significant knee trauma.
Pathology
Subty...
Article
Wrisberg rip
Wrisberg rips, also known as zip tears or zipper tears, are longitudinal vertical meniscal tears. They occur at the junction of the ligament of Wrisberg and the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and are commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears 1.
Pathology
The ligament o...
Article
Ramp lesion (meniscus)
Ramp lesions are defined as a vertical (longitudinal) tear of the peripheral capsular attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the meniscocapsular junction 1. As it is a minor injury and has a hidden location using standard anterolateral and anteromedial arthroscopic portals, i...
Article
Radial meniscal tear
Radial meniscal tears are a category of meniscal tear where the tear extends radially from the free edge of a meniscus across its short axis.
Terminology
Radial tears extend across the short axis of a meniscus perpendicularly to the tibial plateau and will extend in a radial orientation from ...
Article
Meniscal root tear
Meniscal root tears are a type of meniscal tear in the knee where the tear extends to either the anterior or posterior meniscal root attachment to the central tibial plateau. They often tend to be radial tears extending into the meniscal root.
Epidemiology
According to one source, they are th...
Article
Complex meniscal tear
Complex meniscal tears extend in more than one plane, and can in turn create separate flaps of meniscus.
Radiographic features
MRI knee
The mensical tear usually includes a combination of radial, horizontal, and longitudinal components (any two or all three). Often the meniscus substance app...
Article
Parrot beak meniscal tear
Parrot beak meniscal tear is a type of radial meniscal tear with a more oblique course, which on axial images gives the characteristic appearance of a curved V, similar to a parrot's beak. As it is obliquely oriented in relation to the coronal and sagittal plane, it results in a marching cleft s...
Article
Flap tear
A flap tear is a type of meniscal tear that commonly comprises of a displaced flap fragment.
horizontal tears can give rise to flap tears, which can be classified as superior or inferior when displaced. Superior flaps arise from the superior surface of the meniscus and inferior flaps from the ...
Article
Bucket-handle meniscal tear
Bucket-handle meniscal tears are a type of displaced vertical meniscal tear where the inner part is displaced centrally. They more commonly occur in the medial meniscus and are often associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.
Radiographic features
MRI
Bucket-hand tears can manife...
Article
Meniscal tear
Meniscal tears are the failure of the fibrocartilaginous menisci of the knee. There are several types and can occur in an acute or chronic setting. Meniscal tears are best evaluated with MRI.
Pathology
Acute meniscal tears occur after the rotatory trauma of the knee, whereas chronic degenerati...
Article
Discoid meniscus
Discoid menisci are anatomical variants that have a body that is too wide, usually affecting the lateral meniscus. They are incidentally found in 3-5% of knee MRI examinations.
Epidemiology
Discoid menisci are congenital, frequently bilateral (up to 50%) and have been reported in twins, altho...
Article
Knee menisci
The knee menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that sit within the knee joint, deepening the tibiofemoral articulation. Their main role is shock absorption, improve stability of the knee joint, and load transmission. They also play an important role in synovial fluid dynamic circulation and ...
Article
Diaphragmatic rupture
Diaphragmatic rupture or injury often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision.
Epidemiology
Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The ...
Article
Particle disease
Particle disease refers to aggressive granulomatosis, periprosthetic osteolysis, and arthroplasty loosening and failure. While typically associated with hip arthroplasty, it has also been reported in shoulder, knee, and phalangeal joint replacements 11-13.
Pathology
The theory is that synoviti...
Article
Filarial dance sign
The filarial dance sign refers to a twirling motion of macrofilariae (adult worms; e.g. W. bancrofti) in dilated lymphatic channels. It is identified as a characteristic sign of scrotal filariasis.
The dilated channels are identified with the absence of color flow on color Doppler study and the...
Article
Scleroderma (musculoskeletal manifestations)
Musculoskeletal manifestations of scleroderma are common although variable and are a major contributor to morbidity 7.
For a general discussion of scleroderma, please refer to the parent article: scleroderma.
Epidemiology
Symptomatic joints are present in ~40% (range 12-65%) of patients when ...
Article
Incomplete hippocampal inversion
Incomplete hippocampal inversion describes the situation where the normal inversion of the hippocampus fails to happen during development.
Terminology
Incomplete hippocampal inversion is the most correct description of this finding. Hippocampal malrotation is a term used by some authors 1 alth...
Article
Scleroderma
Scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by multisystem fibrosis and soft tissue calcification. As such, it affects many separate organ systems, which are discussed separately:
musculoskeletal manifestations of scleroderma
pulmona...
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