Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,905 results found
Article
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth. It is a common cause of tooth loss, particularly in the adult population.
Terminology
Different forms of periodontitis are recognized. The terms 'chronic periodontitis' and 'aggressive periodontitis' have b...
Article
Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan
Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, also known by the trade name Zevalin (Acrotech Biopharma LLC, USA), is a theranostic radiopharmaceutical approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low grade or follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). More specifically, it is a radioimmunot...
Article
Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumors
Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumors are considered the more common and more benign low grade form of peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumors. There is little or no known association between typical carcinoid tumors and tobacco use or exposure to other carcinogens which contrasts to atypical carcino...
Article
De Quervain thyroiditis
De Quervain thyroiditis, or subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, is a form of self-limited subacute thyroiditis usually preceded by an upper respiratory tract viral infection such as mumps, measles, coxsackie virus, adenovirus, and influenza viruses.
Epidemiology
It usually affects middle-aged ...
Article
Colonic transit study
The colonic transit study is an older technique to estimate colonic transit time.
Terminology
Various names are used for this type of study including shapes study, colon motility test, Sitz marker study and Transit-Pelletsmethod, and variations thereof.
Indications
In constipation, it can ...
Article
Midgut volvulus
Midgut volvulus is a complication of bowel malrotation usually seen in neonates and infants. Presentation is usually with proximal small bowel obstruction and bilious vomiting. Without prompt treatment, there is a real and significant risk of small bowel ischemia, significant associated morbidit...
Article
Intradural spinal lipoma
Intradural lipomas are a subset of spinal lipomas. They are typically intradural, subpial, juxtamedullary lesions 1 although they have occasionally been reported as entirely intramedullary lesions 2.
Mature fatty tissue within the spinal dura can be seen in a number of entities:
lipomyelocele/...
Article
Neurofibroma
Neurofibromas are benign (WHO grade 1) peripheral nerve sheath tumors that are usually solitary and sporadic. There is, however, a strong association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), particularly for the plexiform subtype.
Neurofibromas are generally divided into five morphological forms 1...
Article
Bent bone dysplasias (differential)
Bent bone dysplasias are a class of skeletal dysplasia included in a 2010 classification of genetic skeletal disorders 1:
campomelic dysplasia
Stuve-Weidemann dysplasia
kyphomelic dysplasias, a diverse class, including
congenital bowing of the long bones
cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH; meta...
Article
Sutural diastasis
Sutural diastasis is an abnormal widening of the skull sutures. It may be physiological in a neonate during a growth spurt.
Pathology
In non-traumatic scenarios accelerated growth of the sutural connective tissue without concurrent ossification is the underlying pathology.
Etiology
traumat...
Article
Metatarsus adductus
Metatarsus adductus is a type of foot deformity where there is medial deviation of the first metatarsal +/- medial displacement of the metatarsals on the cuneiform.
Epidemiology
It is considered the most common congenital foot abnormality.
Pathology
It can be congenital or acquired.
Associa...
Article
Adrenal vein sampling
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is a procedure where blood is collected from the adrenal veins via catheter to confirm autonomous hormone production, if it is unilateral or bilateral, and to guide further treatment 1. If unilateral, the adrenal gland can be removed by surgery; thus curing secondary ...
Article
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a syndrome characterized by a periosteal reaction of the long bones without an underlying bone lesion. There is a broad range of manifestations, although typically there is symmetrical involvement of the appendicular skeleton. Accompanying abnormal soft tis...
Article
Involucrum
An involucrum (plural: involucra) is a complication of osteomyelitis and represents a thick sheath of periosteal new bone surrounding a sequestrum.
Terminology
Involucrum should be used in the context of chronic osteomyelitis to describe an area of thickened viable bone that forms around an ar...
Article
Friedman line
The Friedman or scapular line can be used to determine glenoid version and glenoid bone loss 4. Glenoid version angle measured by the Friedman method has better inter-reader reliability than the scapular body method 2.
Measurement
The Friedman line is drawn along the long axis of the scapula ...
Article
Tuberculous bronchostenosis
Tuberculous bronchostenosis is a potential complication that can occur from endobronchial tuberculosis, especially in a chronic form.
Pathology
Bronchostenosis usually begins as simple erythema and edema with lymphocytic submucosal infiltration followed by tubercle formation. Destruction and r...
Article
Cases
Cases are your personal collection, shared with the greater Radiopaedia community. Awesome cases will be selected by our editorial board to be featured on the Radiopaedia homepage (see previously featured cases) as well as to be promoted on our various social media channels.
Each month one case...
Article
Rib notching
Rib notching refers to deformation of the superior or inferior surface of the rib. It can affect a single rib (from trauma or solitary masses e.g. schwannoma) or can affect multiple ribs.
Differential diagnosis
The differentials differ according to whether it is the superior or inferior surfac...
Article
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) refers to the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pathology
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can occur as a primary form of the disease, i.e. direct infection of an extrapulmonary organ without the presence of primary pulmonary tuberculosis or it can ...
Article
Periosteal osteosarcoma
Periosteal osteosarcomas are intermediate-grade bone-forming neoplasms originating on the bony surface in strong association, typically underneath the periosteum.
Epidemiology
Periosteal osteosarcomas are the second most common type of surface-based osteosarcoma after parosteal osteosarcoma an...
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