Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,861 results found
Article
Stewart classification for proximal 5th metatarsal fractures
The Stewart classification for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures is based upon fracture location and morphology. It is divided into five types.
Classification
Type I
extra-articular transverse or oblique fracture between base of 5th metatarsal and diaphysis (Jones fracture)
Type II
avulsi...
Article
Torg's classification for proximal 5th metatarsal fractures
Torg's classification of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures is based on the degree of sclerosis adjacent to the fracture on imaging at the time of presentation to determine the fracture age.
Classification
Type I
narrow fracture line with sharp margins and no widening
minimal cortical hyper...
Article
Sublingual space
The sublingual spaces are paired suprahyoid deep spaces of the head and neck located below the tongue.
Gross anatomy
The sublingual space is a part of the floor of mouth 1.
As the sublingual space is not bounded by fascia posteriorly, some authors consider the sublingual space a component of ...
Article
Inner ear malformations (classification)
Inner ear malformations are a spectrum of congenital anomalies involving the inner ear structures with an emphasis on the cochlea due to their implications for sensorineural hearing loss.
Classification
An imaging-based classification was first proposed in 1987 by Jackler et al. according to p...
Article
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
The fetal hydantoin syndrome refers to a spectrum of features that can develop in a small proportion (~ 10% 5) of women taking the antiseizure medication phenytoin (DilantinTM) during pregnancy.
Clinical presentation
CNS anomalies
microcephaly
increased risk of intracranial bleeding
intra-u...
Article
Common variable immunodeficiency (hepatic manifestations)
Hepatic manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency are not uncommon and can be primarily related to nodular regenerative hyperplasia.
For a general discussion of the underlying condition, please refer to the article on common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
Epidemiology
General liv...
Article
Medial frontal gyrus
The medial frontal gyrus is the superior most part of the medial surface of the frontal lobe, which continues onto the superior surface as the superior frontal gyrus. Posteriorly it contains the supplementary motor area.
Terminology
The medial frontal gyrus is perhaps more commonly merely refe...
Article
Lisfranc joint
The tarsometatarsal joint, or Lisfranc joint, is the articulation between the tarsus (midfoot) and the metatarsal bases (forefoot), representing a combination of tarsometatarsal joints.
Gross anatomy
The first three metatarsals articulate with the three cuneiforms, respectively, and the 4th an...
Article
Snowman sign (disambiguation)
Snowman sign, also sometimes referred to as a figure of 8 sign or dumbell sign, is a radiologic sign related to conditions that have a shape which resembles a snowman. This include:
snowman sign (total anomalous pulmonary venous return) 1
snowman sign (pituitary macroadenoma) 2,3
Article
WHO classification of tumors of the breast
The World Health Organizatiοn classification of tumors of the breast is the most widely used pathologic classification system for such disorders. The current revision, part of the 4th edition of the WHO series, was published in 2012 and is reflected in the article below 1.
Classification
Epith...
Article
Moulage
Moulage is a term that when used most broadly in medical simulation implies any technique to produce realistic anatomic modeling of body parts or organs in three dimensions to show pathologies of patients. Some sources use the term in a way that includes 3D printing and augmented reality based o...
Article
Lateral ankle sprain
Lateral ankle sprains are defined as traumatic injury to the lateral ankle ligament complex due to an inversion injury or plantar flexion and adduction and are one of the most common injuries in sportive as well as recreational activities.
Epidemiology
Lateral ankle sprains are the most common...
Article
Greater trochanteric-pelvic impingement
Greater trochanteric-pelvic impingement also known as pelvitrochanteric impingement or trochanteric impingement is an extra-articular or external type of hip impingement 1,2.
Epidemiology
Greater trochanteric-pelvic impingement seems to be more common in younger people 2.
Risk factors
Perthe...
Article
Golden arches sign (knees)
The Golden arches sign is a nuclear medicine sign often seen on bone scan in patients with total knee prosthesis.
The femoral condylar prosthesis results in two central photopenic regions with two 'hot' arches formed around the periprosthetic region.
This finding is non-specific and may sugges...
Article
Femoral canal
The femoral canal is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath, an inverted cone-shaped fascial space medial to the common femoral vein within the upper femoral triangle. It is only 1-2 cm long and opens superiorly as the femoral ring. It serves two purposes:
allows the femoral vein to expan...
Article
Skeletal survey (overview)
The skeletal survey is a radiographic series performed to survey the entire skeleton (axial skeleton, upper and lower limbs) for pathology or injury. Specific projections vary depending on the clinical indication and the institution's protocol.
There are various clinical indications that may wa...
Article
Bowl of grapes sign
The bowl of grapes sign has been described in synovial sarcoma. It refers to the characteristic multilobulated lesion subdivided by multiple septa, forming large cystic foci with regions of hemorrhage.
Article
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatological disease with several variants. The most common variant is plaque psoriasis, other variants of the disease are guttate, erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis 1.
Epidemiology
There is a geographic variation in the prevalence of psoriasis such that popul...
Article
Extradural neural axis compartment
Extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC) exists from the tip of the coccyx all the way to the back of the globe, and yet it is relatively unknown as a concept. It is bounded externally by the periosteum of the vertebrae and sacrum inferiorly and the skull superiorly, and the visceral (meningea...
Article
Right lower lobe collapse
Right lower lobe (RLL) collapse has distinctive features, and is usually relatively easily identified. The smaller overlying heart shadow obscures less lung compared with left lower lobe collapse.
Findings of lower lobe collapse can be grouped together as they are almost identical on both side...
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