Articles
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108 results found
Article
Frykman classification of distal radial fractures
The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal u...
Article
Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures
The Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures is probably the most frequently used system along with the AO classification of proximal humeral fractures. The terminology and factors which influence the classification are essential for the utility of radiology reports of proximal humeral ...
Article
McAfee classification of thoracolumbar spinal fractures
McAfee classification of acute traumatic spinal injuries is one of a number of thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems and is based on the three-column concept of the spine (of Denis). It requires CT for an accurate assessment.
Usage
Unlike the more common formal and widely used c...
Article
Genant classification of vertebral fractures
The Genant classification of vertebral fractures is based on the vertebral shape, with respect to vertebral height loss involving the anterior, posterior, and/or middle vertebral body as seen on lateral radiographs of the thoracic or lumbar spine 1.
Usage
The Genant classification has been use...
Article
Facial fractures
Facial fractures are commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma at moderate or high levels of force. Such injuries may be sustained during a fall, physical assault, motor vehicle collision, or gunshot wound. The facial bones are thin and relatively fragile, making them susceptible to injury....
Article
AAST spleen injury scale
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) splenic injury scale, revised in 2018, is the most widely used grading system for splenic trauma.
The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for visceral injury 4...
Article
Keifhaber-Stern classification of volar plate avulsion injuries
The Keifhaber-Stern classification can be used to classify volar plate avulsion injuries of the fingers.
Usage
Along with the Eaton classification, this classification is considered (c. 2016) one of the most useful for the management of volar plate avulsion injuries 2.
For Keifhaber-Stern cl...
Article
Eaton classification of volar plate avulsion injury
The Eaton classification can be used to classify volar plate avulsion injuries of the fingers.
Usage
Along with the Keifhaber-Stern classification, this classification is considered (c. 2016) one of the most useful classifications for the management of volar plate avulsion injuries 2.
Knowle...
Article
Lateral humeral condyle fracture
Lateral humeral condyle fractures also referred to simply as lateral condyle fractures (in the appropriate context), are relatively common elbow fractures that predominantly occur in children. They may be subtle but are hugely important to diagnose promptly because if they are missed, they tend ...
Article
Diffuse axonal injury (grading)
Grading of diffuse axonal injury due to trauma is described according to the anatomic distribution of injury. Contrary to the implication of the word "diffuse," diffuse axonal injury has a topological predilection for focal involvement of certain sites in the brain. These sites, in turn, vary in...
Article
Bowel and mesenteric trauma injury grading
A number of bowel and mesenteric injury grading systems have been proposed and validated for trauma to the bowel and/or mesentery based on CT and clinical parameters.
Classifications
RAPTOR 1
The RAdiographic Predictors of Therapeutic intervention score predicts the need for early therapeutic...
Article
Modified Memphis criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury
The modified Memphis criteria are a set of screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in trauma. The presence of one or more of these criteria makes necessary a complementary CTA or DSA study to exclude a BCVI.
The screening protocol criteria for BCVI are:
base of skull fractur...
Article
AAST liver injury scale
The AAST (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma) liver injury scale, revised in 2018, is the most widely used liver injury grading system 3.
The 2018 update incorporates "vascular injury" (i.e. pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula) into the imaging criteria for visceral injury 3.
Cla...
Article
Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures
Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures is the most frequently employed system to describe ACL avulsion fractures.
Classification
Under the Meyers and McKeever system (with modifications by Zaricznyj) injuries are classified into four main types:
type 1: minimally/nondisp...
Article
Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury
The Rotterdam CT score of traumatic brain injury is a classification aimed at improving prognostic evaluation of patients admitted with moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries.
It was published in 2006 1 and is gaining in popularity. Along with the Marshall classification system, at the ti...
Article
Salter-Harris classification
The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and, at the time of writing (January 2023) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.
Classification
Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.
type I
s...
Article
Supracondylar humeral fracture
Supracondylar humeral fractures, often simply referred to as supracondylar fractures, are a classic pediatric injury which requires vigilance as imaging findings can be subtle.
Epidemiology
Simple supracondylar fractures are typically seen in younger children, and are uncommon in adults; 90% a...
Article
Vancouver classification of periprosthetic hip fractures
The Vancouver classification of periprosthetic hip fractures, proposed by Duncan and Masri, is the most widely used classification system for periprosthetic fractures of the hip. It evaluates the fracture site, the status of the femoral implant, and the quality of the surrounding femoral bone st...
Article
Goldman classification of urethral injuries
The Goldman classification of urethral injuries is a more widely accepted classification than one proposed by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). The Goldman classification is based on the anatomical location of the urethral injury and was initially proposed by Colapinto a...
Article
Le Fort fracture classification
Le Fort fractures are fractures of the midface, which collectively involve separation of all or a portion of the midface from the skull base. In order to be separated from the skull base, the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone need to be involved as these connect the midface to the sphenoid b...
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