Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
248 results found
Article
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles are type of permanent embolization agent used in interventional radiological procedures.
Mechanism of action
When injected, PVA particles adhere ot the vessel wall, activating the coagulation cascade and leading to vessel occlusion by provoking thrombus format...
Article
Clot meniscus sign (angiography)
The clot meniscus sign, or simply the meniscus sign, is a radiological sign appreciated on digital subtraction angiography in the setting of endovascular clot retrieval for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion.
The sign describes the angiographic appearance of the proximal occ...
Article
Greater occipital nerve block (ultrasound-guided)
A greater occipital nerve block is a diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure in which the medial, sensory branch from the second cervical spinal nerve is targeted with local anesthesia.
Indications
occipital neuralgia
migraine
post-dural puncture headache
cluster headache
Contraindicatio...
Article
Medium vessel occlusion
Medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), also termed distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO), describes occlusion of a medium-sized intracranial artery resulting in impending acute ischemic stroke.
Definition
One consensus definition of ‘medium vessel’ suggests intracranial arteries with a luminal diamet...
Article
Large vessel occlusion
Large vessel occlusion (LVO), also termed proximal large vessel occlusion (PLVO), describes occlusion of a proximal and large-sized intracranial artery resulting in impending acute ischemic stroke. The definition of large vessel occlusion varies significantly among clinical trials of endovascula...
Article
Infraorbital nerve block
Infraorbital nerve blocks can be used as part of the management of trigeminal neuralgia or the rarer isolated infraorbital neuralgia. Ultrasound guidance is useful to identify the infraorbital nerve directly as well as identify anatomical variations 1,2.
Indications
infraorbital neuralgia non-...
Article
Fluoroscopic myelography
Fluoroscopic myelography is a technique that allows the visualization of the theca by the introduction of contrast medium into the CSF. This is usually accomplished by a lumbar puncture, or less commonly a suboccipital puncture.
The patient can then be tilted and rotated to cause the contrast, ...
Article
Dry tap (lumbar puncture)
A dry tap refers to a lumbar puncture where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cannot be obtained despite the needle tip being in the thecal sac 1. Dry taps may be associated with needle misplacement or blockage, dehydration, low CSF pressure, severe spinal canal stenosis (including epidural lipomatosis)...
Article
Post-dural puncture headache
Post-dural puncture headache, previously known as post-lumbar puncture headache 4, is a common complication after lumbar puncture (LP), which is often performed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, spinal anesthesia, myelography, etc.
Epidemiology
Post-dural puncture headaches occur after ~...
Article
Shepherd hook catheter
The Shepherd hook catheter is a common reverse-curve selective access catheter designed for catheterization and subselection of visceral arteries, in order to secure access, advance, and exchange devices, or deliver contrast in the target vessel.
It is particularly adapted for the catheterizati...
Article
Aortofemoral bypass
Aortofemoral bypass surgery is a type of vascular surgery that is performed to treat aortoiliac occlusive diseases, commonly known as Leriche syndrome, by inserting an artificial tube (graft) from the end of the body's main artery (aorta) to the artery that supply blood to the legs (femoral arte...
Article
Pelvic phlebography
Pelvic phlebography or pelvic venography is an interventional procedure, in which the pelvic and gonadal veins are opacified to assess venous and collateral system anatomy for the diagnosis, treatment and pre-operative planning of pelvic vein pathology.
This procedure is usually performed at th...
Article
Renal double curve catheter
The renal double curve catheter is an angiographic selective access catheter, designed for catheterization and subselection of acutely originating renal arteries 1 through a femoral approach, in order to secure access, advance, exchange devices, or deliver contrast.
It can also be used for the ...
Article
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are drugs/medications widely used in several areas of medicine. They are also known as glucocorticoids, cortisone and colloquially steroids (note: do not mix up with anabolic steroids).
They are synthetic analogs of naturally occurring endogenous steroids produced by the adrenal...
Article
Kumpe catheter
The Kumpe catheter, also known as KMP, is a selective access catheter designed for biliary and urinary tract cannulation, in order to secure access, navigate, advance, exchange devices, or deliver contrast in the target destination.
Properties
proximal end: luer lock hub
distal tip-shape: ang...
Article
Embolization coils
Embolization coils and microcoils are permanent proximal embolization devices used in interventional procedures to block blood flow in medium to large-sized target vessels and pathological pathways.
They consist of stainless steel, platinum, or Inconel (nickel-based superalloy) coils that can b...
Article
Autologous blood clot - embolization agent
The autologous blood clot or patch is a temporary embolization agent adapted for large vessel occlusion procedures such as hemostatic embolizations but can also be used as a seal for a biopsy trajectory during lung and hepatic biopsies.
Advantages
biocompatible
inexpensive
simple, rapid, and...
Article
Embolization agents
Embolization agents are materials and substances used during embolization procedures in order to block blood flow, stop and prevent bleeding, devascularize organs, or occlude pathways.
Temporary embolization agents
autologous blood clot 1
gel foam sponge or powder 2
starch microsphe...
Article
Renal cyst sclerotherapy
Renal cyst sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure performed to treat symptomatic simple renal cysts (i.e. Bosniak I) and is one of the primary methods to treat renal cysts along with surgical cyst de-roofing 1.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of the pr...
Article
Pigtail catheter
The pigtail catheter is an angiographic flush catheter used in interventional vascular procedures, to achieve high-flow injection rates (15 to 20 ml/s)1 into large vessels, to obtain optimal aortograms, and/or phlebograms.
This article focuses only on angiographic catheters and the pigtail drai...
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