Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
248 results found
Article
Retroaortic left renal vein
Retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV) is a normal anatomical variant where the left renal vein is located between the aorta and the vertebra and drains into the inferior vena cava.
Its recognition is important in order to avoid complications during retroperitoneal surgery or interventional procedu...
Article
Aortofemoral bypass
Aortofemoral bypass surgery is a type of vascular surgery that is performed to treat aortoiliac occlusive diseases, commonly known as Leriche syndrome, by inserting an artificial tube (graft) from the end of the body's main artery (aorta) to the artery that supply blood to the legs (femoral arte...
Article
Hepatic venous pressure gradient
Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement is a safe and minimally invasive method to indirectly measure portal vein pressure in chronic liver disease patients suspected of developing portal vein hypertension.
This procedure is usually performed at the same time as the transjugular liver bio...
Article
Embolization coils
Embolization coils and microcoils are permanent proximal embolization devices used in interventional procedures to block blood flow in medium to large-sized target vessels and pathological pathways.
They consist of stainless steel, platinum, or Inconel (nickel-based superalloy) coils that can b...
Article
Renal double curve catheter
The renal double curve catheter is an angiographic selective access catheter, designed for catheterization and subselection of acutely originating renal arteries 1 through a femoral approach, in order to secure access, advance, exchange devices, or deliver contrast.
It can also be used for the ...
Article
Varicocele
Varicocele is the dilatation of the pampiniform plexus of veins, a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. It is the most frequently encountered mass of the spermatic cord.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at ~15% of the general male population and ~40% of subferti...
Article
Endotension
Endotension, also referred to as a type V endoleak, is not a true leak but is defined as continued expansion of the aneurysm sac greater than 5 mm after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) without radiographic evidence of a leak site / demonstrable type I-IV endoleak
Pathology
It is a poorly un...
Article
Post-dural puncture headache
Post-dural puncture headache, previously known as post-lumbar puncture headache 4, is a common complication after lumbar puncture (LP), which is often performed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, spinal anesthesia, myelography, etc.
Epidemiology
Post-dural puncture headaches occur after ~...
Article
Sniff test
The fluoroscopic sniff test, also known as diaphragm fluoroscopy, is a quick and easy real time fluoroscopic assessment of diaphragmatic motor function (excursion). It is used most often to confirm absence of muscular contraction of the diaphragm during inspiration in patients with phrenic nerve...
Article
Pulmonary artery catheter
Pulmonary artery catheters (PAC or Swan-Ganz catheters) are balloon flotation catheters that are inserted into the pulmonary arteries. They can be inserted simply, quickly, with little training and without fluoroscopic guidance at the bedside, even in the seriously ill patient.
Usage
Historica...
Article
Splenic biopsy
Percutaneous splenic biopsy, using either ultrasound or CT guidance, is an accurate and reliable method of acquiring splenic tissue for histopathological assessment and has been proposed as an alternative for splenectomy in selected patients.
Although the procedure has been historically feared ...
Article
Clot meniscus sign (angiography)
The clot meniscus sign, or simply the meniscus sign, is a radiological sign appreciated on digital subtraction angiography in the setting of endovascular clot retrieval for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion.
The sign describes the angiographic appearance of the proximal occ...
Article
Infraorbital nerve block
Infraorbital nerve blocks can be used as part of the management of trigeminal neuralgia or the rarer isolated infraorbital neuralgia. Ultrasound guidance is useful to identify the infraorbital nerve directly as well as identify anatomical variations 1,2.
Indications
infraorbital neuralgia non-...
Article
Ghost infarct core
Ghost infarct core refers to the phenomenon that CT perfusion may overestimate infarct core on admission, especially in the early time window of a stroke, by predicting lesion in areas that will not show infarct on follow-up imaging 1. This mismatch is defined as the initial infarct core minus f...
Article
Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scale
The thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grading system was described in 2003 by Higashida et al. 1 as a tool for determining the response of thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. In neurointerventional radiology it is commonly used for patients post endovascular revascularization. Lik...
Article
Modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score
The modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score was developed from the original thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scale by a consensus group in 2013 1. The recommendations included a name change to better reflect the increasing use of endovascular clot retrieval for ischemic...
Article
Expanded treatment in cerebral infarction (eTICI) score
The expanded treatment in cerebral infarction (eTICI) score is modified from the modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) and thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scales. It was published by the HERMES investigators in 2019 1.
Using modified Rankin scale (mRs) shift at 90 days as...
Article
Flow-diverter stent
Flow-diverter stents are important devices in the management of intracranial aneurysms in both acute and elective settings, especially ones that are large, broad-necked, or fusiform.
Complications
Understanding the complication rates is important in obtaining informed consent from patients. In...
Article
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a procedure where a flexible feeding tube (commonly known as a PEG tube) is inserted through the abdominal wall and into the stomach via endoscopy. Alternatively a tube can be placed under radiological guidance, known as a radiologically inserted gast...
Article
Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG)
A Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG), or percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (RPG), is a procedure where a gastrostomy tube is inserted percutaneously into the stomach under fluoroscopic guidance, principally to provide nutritional support for patients with swallowing disorders 1. Gastr...
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