Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
704 results found
Article
Alexia
Alexia (or acquired dyslexia) is a neurological term refers to an acquired impairment of reading resulting from damage of critical brain areas.
Clinical presentation
Alexia can manifest itself as an impairment of oral reading and reading comprehension alike and can occur in combination with va...
Article
Heterotaxy syndrome
Heterotaxy syndromes refer to abnormal left/right distribution of thoracic and abdominal organs that is neither situs solitus nor situs inversus. They are frequently associated with congenital heart disease and other visceral abnormalities.
Terminology
Isomerism implies mirrored organs, and ca...
Article
Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome
Megalencephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) syndrome, also known as macrocephaly-capillary malformation syndrome, is a rare and well described genetic disorder caused by somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene on chromosome 3q26 and characterized by early brain overgrowth and body morphogenesis an...
Article
Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (AVID)
Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (AVID) is a triad of congenital cerebral anomalies.
Radiographic features
markedly asymmetric enlargement of the lateral ventricles may be the initial finding on routine fetal morphology ultrasound.
inte...
Article
CLOVES syndrome
CLOVES syndrome is an acronym denoting a rare condition consisting of:
Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth
Vascular malformations
Epidermal nevi
Skeletal/Scoliosis/Spinal anomalies
Terminology
Although first described as CLOVE the term "CLOVES" syndrome, with the "S" emphasizing the skeletal ...
Article
Pallister-Hall syndrome
Pallister-Hall syndrome displays a wide range of severity and is characterized by hypothalamic hamartomas seen as a mass at the floor of the third ventricle, posterior to the optic chiasm 3,4.
Epidemiology
Pallister-Hall syndrome is rare and the exact prevalence is unknown. Patients with posta...
Article
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, also known as purpura fulminans 9 or hemorrhagic adrenalitis 10, is characterized by adrenal insufficiency that results from atraumatic adrenal hemorrhage in consequence of septicemia.
Pathology
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is due to septicemia and common...
Article
Lady Windermere syndrome
Lady Windermere syndrome refers to a pattern of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection seen typically in elderly white women who chronically suppress the normal cough reflex. A fastidious nature and a reticence to expectorate are believed to predispose such persons to infections w...
Article
Hypomelanosis of Ito
Hypomelanosis of Ito, also known as incontinentia pigmenti achromians, is the third most frequent phakomatosis, involving a wide spectrum of defects in multiple organ systems.
Epidemiology
The prevalence is unknown, being reported as between 1 per 8000 patients in a general pediatric hospital ...
Article
Iliotibial band syndrome
Iliotibial band (friction) syndrome is a common cause of lateral knee pain related to intense physical activity resulting in chronic inflammation of the fat adjacent to the iliotibial band (ITB). Alternatively, the same pathology can occur over the greater trochanter and is considered the same d...
Article
Complex regional pain syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as Sudeck atrophy, is a condition that can affect the extremities in a wide clinical spectrum. No one imaging study is sensitive or specific to rule in or rule out the syndrome.
Terminology
Two forms of complex regional pain syndrome have been...
Article
Trotter syndrome
Trotter syndrome relates to advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is the constellation of:
unilateral conductive hearing loss due to middle ear effusion
trigeminal neuralgia due to perineural spread
soft palate immobility
Article
Cogan syndrome
Cogan syndrome is a rare vasculitis of young adults that is primarily characterized by 1,4,6:
inflammatory eye disease (classically interstitial keratitis) 6
audiovestibular dysfunction (similar to Meniere disease) 6
Epidemiology
Cogan syndrome is rare and can occur in people of any age and ...
Article
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome, also known as 45XO or 45X, is the most common of the sex chromosome abnormalities in females.
Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated at 1:2000-5000 of live births, although the in utero rate is much higher (1-2% of conceptions) due to a significant proportion of affected fet...
Article
Yellow nail syndrome
The yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder principally affecting the lymphatic system.
It is characterized by a clinical triad:
nail discolouration (chromonychia): yellow to dark green slow-growing dystrophic nails (scleronychia) 9
lymphedema (peripheral/primary)
pulmonary disease: se...
Article
Eosinophilic endocarditis
Eosinophilic endocarditis, also known as Löffler (Loeffler) endocarditis, is one of the cardiac manifestations of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. It is also considered a form of cardiomyopathy.
Epidemiology
There is limited information on the incidence of eosinophilic endocarditis. The ...
Article
Dialysis access-associated steal syndrome
Dialysis access-associated steal syndrome or haemodialysis access-related hand ischemia arises as a complication of arteriovenous (AV) access.
Epidemiology
Symptomatic dialysis access-associated steal syndrome has been reported in up to 6% of AV access patients ref. Prevalence is higher in bra...
Article
VEXAS syndrome
VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a severe, treatment-refractory, monogenic, multiorgan, autoinflammatory condition with vasculitic and hematological complications.
Epidemiology
VEXAS syndrome is likely to be rare, but also likely to be underdiagnosed...
Article
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare complication seen after treatment of long-standing severe carotid stenosis by carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting. It is believed to be the result of failure of normal cerebral blood flow autoregulation.
Terminology
Cerebral hyperperfus...
Article
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare benign cause of acute or subacute small bowel obstruction. It is characterized by total or partial encasement of the small bowel within a thick fibrocollagenous membrane.
Terminology
The condition was originally termed abdominal cocoon. The conditio...
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