Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
536 results found
Article
Aberrations in the normal development and involution of the breast
Aberrations in the Normal Development and Involution (ANDI) of the breast is an overarching term used to describe a wide spectrum of benign breast disease. As the name suggests, it is based on the theory that most of the encountered benign breast disorders are aberrations in the normal developme...
Article
Bowel and mesenteric trauma injury grading
A number of bowel and mesenteric injury grading systems have been proposed and validated for trauma to the bowel and/or mesentery based on CT and clinical parameters.
Classifications
RAPTOR 1
The RAdiographic Predictors of Therapeutic intervention score predicts the need for early therapeutic...
Article
Ideberg classification of glenoid fossa fractures
The Ideberg classification system is the most common system used to describe glenoid fossa and rim fractures 1. Glenoid fractures are uncommon fractures of the shoulder but are important to recognize as they are often associated with concomitant injuries to chest, head, brachial plexus and humer...
Article
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis - grading
Grading of SUFE (slipped upper femoral epiphysis) can be made on both AP and true lateral projections.
On an AP radiograph a line along the superior margin of the femoral neck (line of Klein) should intersect the lateral corner of the epiphysis.
Slip is graded based on the displacement of the...
Article
Salter-Harris classification
The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and, at the time of writing (January 2023) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.
Classification
Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.
type I
s...
Article
Grades of periventricular leukomalacia
One of the methods used for grading periventricular leukomalacia on sonographic appearance is as follows 1:
grade 1: areas of increased periventricular echogenicity without any cyst formation persisting for more than 7 days
grade 2: the echogenicity has developed into small periventricular cys...
Article
Salter-Harris type II fracture
Salter-Harris type II fractures are the most common type of physeal fractures that occur in children. There is a fracture that extends through the physis and into a portion of the metaphysis. A triangular metaphyseal fragment, otherwise known as the Thurston Holland fragment, will be left intact...
Article
Microtia
Microtia refers to a small pinna of the ear, when is it completely absent it is termed anotia.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence at around 1:9000 live births. It is more common in males and there is a recognized right sided predilection.
Pathology
Associations
Microtia can be associated ...
Article
Modified CT severity index (pancreatitis)
The modified CT severity index is an extension of the original CT severity index (CTSI) which was developed by Balthazar and colleagues in 1990 for distinguishing mild, moderate and severe forms of acute pancreatitis.
The original CT severity index has been followed internationally and has been...
Article
West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament
The West Point classification of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) was created to describe avulsion injuries of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL).
Classification
This classification has six types of lesions divided into two categories based on anterior or posterior i...
Article
Anatomic classification of congenital limb deficiencies
The anatomic classification of congenital limb deficiencies is used to classify limb deficiencies.
The anatomic classification is proposed to systematically classify all congenital limb reduction defects and avoid terminology that can be considered imprecise or derogatory 1.
This system is cur...
Article
Vancouver classification of periprosthetic hip fractures
The Vancouver classification of periprosthetic hip fractures, proposed by Duncan and Masri, is the most widely used classification system for periprosthetic fractures of the hip. It evaluates the fracture site, the status of the femoral implant, and the quality of the surrounding femoral bone st...
Article
Mason classification of radial head fractures
The Mason classification ( sometimes known as Mason-Johnston classification) is used to classify radial head fractures and is useful when assessing further treatment options 1,2.
Classification
type I: non-displaced radial head fractures (or small marginal fractures), also known as a "chisel" ...
Article
SRU management guidelines for gallbladder polyps
The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) consensus recommendation for the management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps was published in 2021 1.
Usage
The SRU consensus recommendation is one of many guidelines for the management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps. The ...
Article
Fazekas scale for white matter lesions
The Fazekas scale is used to simply quantify the amount of white matter T2 hyperintense lesions usually attributed to chronic small vessel ischemia, although clearly, not all such lesions are due to this.
This classification was proposed by Fazekas et al. in 1987 1 and remains a very widely use...
Article
Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides
The Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides was formed by experts from 12 different countries in the field of vasculitis as a proposed update to the original 1994 International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides. This 2012 up...
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