Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,384 results found
Article
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three vessels that provides arterial blood supply to the cerebellum. It has a variable origin, course and supply, with up to 40% of specimens not having an identifiable standard AICA. The amount of tissue supplied by the AICA is variable (...
Article
Carotid bifurcation
The carotid bifurcation is the point at which the common carotid artery terminates. As it does so, it forms the internal and external carotid arteries which go on to supply the head and neck.
The height of the carotid bifurcation is noted to be highly variable in the literature. Most frequently...
Article
Renal artery occlusion (acute)
Renal artery occlusion can happen acutely due to in-situ thrombus, embolism, or dissection. Unless immediately treated, it can lead to renal infarction 1.
Epidemiology
The condition is more common in the elderly, however, it may be seen in a younger age group if they have risk factors (describ...
Article
Coronary arteries
The coronary arteries arise from the aortic sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the aortic valve and supply the myocardium of the heart with oxygenated blood. The arteries branch to encircle the heart covering its surface with a lacy network, perhaps resembling a slightly crooked crown.
Gr...
Article
Anastomosing hemangioma
Anastomosing hemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms consisting of thin-walled anastomosing vessels. These lesions have been just added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020 as a separate entity 1-3
Epidemiology
Anastomosing hemangiomas are rare lesions with a wide range of...
Article
Yellow nail syndrome
The yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder principally affecting the lymphatic system.
It is characterized by a clinical triad:
nail discolouration (chromonychia): yellow to dark green slow-growing dystrophic nails (scleronychia) 9
lymphedema (peripheral/primary)
pulmonary disease: se...
Article
Dialysis access-associated steal syndrome
Dialysis access-associated steal syndrome or haemodialysis access-related hand ischemia arises as a complication of arteriovenous (AV) access.
Epidemiology
Symptomatic dialysis access-associated steal syndrome has been reported in up to 6% of AV access patients ref. Prevalence is higher in bra...
Article
Orbital venous varix
Orbital venous varix (plural: varices) is an uncommon vascular malformation that is composed of enlarged single or multiple tubular venous channels within the orbit with direct communication to the systemic venous system.
Terminology
Orbital venous varices are divided into primary and seconda...
Article
VEXAS syndrome
VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a severe, treatment-refractory, monogenic, multiorgan, autoinflammatory condition with vasculitic and hematological complications.
Epidemiology
VEXAS syndrome is likely to be rare, but also likely to be underdiagnosed...
Article
Thoracic aortic injury
Thoracic aortic injury is the most common type of traumatic aortic injury and is a critical life-threatening, and often life-ending event.
Clinical presentation
Approximately 80% of patients with thoracic aortic injury die at the scene of the trauma. In those who make it to hospital, clinical...
Article
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare complication seen after treatment of long-standing severe carotid stenosis by carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting. It is believed to be the result of failure of normal cerebral blood flow autoregulation.
Terminology
Cerebral hyperperfus...
Article
Intracranial aneurysm (overview)
Intracranial aneurysms, also called cerebral aneurysms, are aneurysms of the intracranial arteries. The most common morphologic type is the saccular aneurysm.
Pathology
There is not a universal classification for the types of intracranial aneurysms, resulting in a heterogeneous mix of terms ba...
Article
Kissing carotids
The term kissing carotids refers to tortuous and elongated carotid arteries which touch in the midline. They can be found in:
retropharynx 2
intrasphenoid 1
within the pituitary fossa
within sphenoid sinuses
within sphenoid bones
The significance of kissing ca...
Article
Vascular anatomical variants
Vascular anatomical variants are common:
aortic variants
thoracic aorta
ascending aorta
aortic arch
descending aorta
abdominal
SVC and IVC - caval variants
intracranial arteries - variants
Article
Renal arteriovenous malformation
Renal arteriovenous malformations (renal AVMs) are an uncommon vascular anomaly, which may be confused with a renal arteriovenous fistula (renal AVF).
Pathology
Like arteriovenous malformations elsewhere in the body, a renal AVM is formed by a connection between the arterial and venous structu...
Article
Renal infarction
Renal infarction results from interruption of the normal blood supply to part of, or to the whole kidney. The main imaging differential diagnosis includes pyelonephritis and renal tumors.
Epidemiology
The demographics of affected patients will depend on the underlying cause, although as most c...
Article
Cerebrovascular malformations
Cerebrovascular malformations are vascular malformations related to the vessels that supply the brain and other cranial structures.
Classification
Over the years, cerebral vascular malformations have been classified in a variety of ways by many authors, often on the basis of the presence or ab...
Article
Inferior petrosal sinus
The inferior petrosal sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses. It is often a plexus of venous channels rather than a true sinus and drains blood from the cavernous sinus to the jugular bulb through the jugular foramen (pars nervosa) or sometimes via a vein which passes through the hypoglossal c...
Article
Sickle cell disease (abdominal manifestations)
Abdominal manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD) are wide and can involve many organs.
For a general discussion, please refer to sickle cell disease.
Splenic
splenomegaly
may occur transiently with the sequestration syndrome, where rapid pooling of blood occurs in the spleen, resulting ...
Article
Gadofosveset trisodium
Gadofosveset trisodium (also known as Ablavar or Vasovist) is an intravenous blood pool contrast agent used in magnetic resonance imaging. The manufacturer discontinued production in 2017 due to poor sales.
It was designed as an agent for contrast-enhanced MR angiography since it exhibits stron...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.