Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
562 results found
Article
AICA-PICA dominance
AICA-PICA dominance refers to the principle that the cerebellar vascular territory supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery have a reciprocal arrangement. That is the size of the AICA and the subsequent territory it supplies is inversely propor...
Article
Radial vein
The radial vein is one of the two major deep veins of the forearm, along with the ulnar vein. As is usual in the upper and lower limbs, there are often two veins (venae comitantes) that run on either side of the radial artery and anastomose freely with each other.
It forms in the hand from the ...
Article
Supreme intercostal arteries
The supreme intercostal arteries, or superior intercostal arteries, are formed as a direct result of the embryological development of the intersegmental arteries. These arteries are paired structures of the upper thorax which normally form to provide blood flow to the first and second posterior ...
Article
Cervical aortic arch
Cervical aortic arches are a rare aortic arch anomaly characterized by an elongated, high-lying aortic arch extending at or above the level of the medial ends of the clavicles.
Clinical presentation
Patients with cervical aortic arch are usually asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients may present w...
Article
Superior cerebral veins
The superior cerebral veins drain the superior portion of the cerebral cortex. They run up and medially before draining into the superior sagittal sinus. In a proportion of patients, a large such vein connects the superficial middle cerebral vein to the sinus, and is known as the superior anasto...
Article
Lower limb anatomy
Lower limb anatomy encompasses the anatomy of all structures of the lower limb, including the hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle, and foot.
This anatomy section promotes the use of the Terminologia Anatomica, the international standard of anatomical nomenclature.
Article
McConnell’s capsular arteries
McConnell’s capsular arteries (MCCA) are one of the three major branches of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA).
Gross anatomy
They arise from the medial wall of the cavernous ICA distal to both the meningohypophyseal trunk and the inferolateral trunk.
The McConnell’s c...
Article
Vena caval foramen
The vena caval foramen is one of the three major apertures in the diaphragm. It is the highest of the three and situated at the level of T8-9. It is quadrilateral and placed at the junction of the right and middle leaflets of the central tendon.
It transmits several structures between the thora...
Article
Posterior auricular artery
The posterior auricular artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and supplies scalp posterior to the auricle and the auricle itself.
Summary
origin: branch of the external carotid artery above digastric and stylohyoid opposite the styloid process
course: ascends beneath the parotid t...
Article
Arterial supply of the head and neck
The arteries of the head and neck are branches of the common carotid and subclavian arteries.
common carotid artery
carotid body
carotid bifurcation
internal carotid artery (segments)
caroticotympanic artery
persistent stapedial artery
ophthalmic artery
supraorbital artery
lacrimal arte...
Article
Diagonal branches of the left anterior descending artery
Diagonal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery supply blood flow to the anterior and anterolateral walls of the left ventricle. There are usually denoted as D1, D2, D3, etc.
There are termed "diagonal" due to them branching from their parent vessel at acute angles. They ext...
Article
Giacomini vein
The Giacomini vein or thigh extension of the small saphenous vein refers to a variation in lower limb venous anatomy whereby the small saphenous vein (SSV) continues through to the thigh as a distinct branch.
The persistence of this vein may play a contributory role in the development of chroni...
Article
Ductus arteriosus
The ductus arteriosum (DA) (or arteriosus) is the thick short conduit for blood to bypass the non-ventilated lungs in the fetus. It is located between and connects the proximal left pulmonary artery and the undersurface of the aortic arch distal to the origin of the last branch of the arch, at t...
Article
Right-sided aortic arch
Right-sided aortic arch is a type of aortic arch variant characterized by the aortic arch coursing to the right of the trachea. Different configurations can be found based on the supra-aortic branching patterns, with the two most common patterns being the right-sided aortic arch with mirror imag...
Article
Ascending lumbar communicant vein
The ascending lumbar communicant vein is a communication between the left ascending lumbar vein and the left renal vein. Because of its retroperitoneal location, when dilated, it may be mistaken for a lymph node on non-contrast studies with thick collimation.
The image shows the left renal vein...
Article
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system (also known as the lymphoid system or systema lymphoideum in Terminologia Anatomica) is the collective term given to the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues in the body 1,4.
Terminology
Occasionally the lymphatic system is considered with the reticuloendothelial system ...
Article
Internal cerebral vein
The internal cerebral veins are paired, paramedian veins which course posteriorly along the roof of the third ventricle, between the two leaves of the velum interpositum.
Gross anatomy
Each is formed at the foramen of Monro by the confluence of the choroidal vein (draining the choroid plexus o...
Article
Thoracic splanchnic nerves
The thoracic splanchnic nerves are three paired autonomic nerves that provide sympathetic innervation of the abdominopelvic viscera and vessels. They contain efferent and afferent fibers.
Gross anatomy
Three pairs of thoracic splanchnic nerves arise from the T5 to T12 sympathetic ganglia.
Gre...
Article
Basilic vein
The basilic vein, along with the cephalic vein, is one of the primary superficial veins that drain the upper limb 1. It courses through both the forearm and arm, and contributes to the formation of the axillary vein.
Summary
origin: ulnar aspect of the superficial venous network of the dorsum ...
Article
Persistent communications between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to recall the persistent communications between the anterior (carotid) and posterior (vertebrobasilar) systems is:
HOT Pepper
Knowledge of these anatomical variants is important to avoid confusion with pathology and to prevent inadvertent injury during surgery.
Mnemonic
H: hypoglo...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.