Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,108 results found
Article
Aubergine sign (penis)
The aubergine sign (also known as egg-plant sign or deformity) is a clinical sign of a fractured penis. Hemorrhage beyond the tunica albuginea produces swelling and bruising of the penis simulating the appearance of an aubergine.
Article
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies
Michaeliis-Gutmann bodies are a histological feature characteristic of malakoplakia, typically seen in mid-stage disease 1,2.
They are 1–10 μm laminated or targetoid basophilic focal inclusions of iron and calcium salts seen on light microscopy. They are also periodic acid–Schiff, and diastase-...
Article
Urine
Urine represents the biofluid end-product of the renal filtration process. Normally it is a transparent, sterile, pale-yellow liquid (although clearly color varies with the person's hydration status).
Urine is one of the most easily accessible biofluids in the human body and has been intensive...
Article
Perineal body
The perineal body, also known as the central tendon of the perineum, (TA: corpus perineale) is a key midline fibromuscular structure, with important muscular attachments, which acts to stabilize the structures of the pelvis and perineum. It is located between the anal canal and the vagina, or in...
Article
Ureterovaginal fistula
Ureterovaginal fistulae refer to abnormal communications between the lumina of the ureter(s) and the vagina.
Clinical presentation
Patients usually present with urinary incontinence through the vagina which may be accompanied by fever and chills 1. Symptoms usually begin within 2-4 weeks foll...
Article
Normal kidney size in adults
Normal kidney size in adults is closely related to height, but weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and ethnicity can also influence this 4.
Kidney dimensions are typically measured sonographically and used to calculate estimated volume. MRI and CT measurements have been shown to generally corre...
Article
Pear-shaped bladder
Pear-shaped (or teardrop-shaped) bladder is one whose normal round or ovoid shape has been extrinsically compressed to resemble a pear. The pear may be inverted or upright, depending on how the excess pelvic tissue compresses the bladder.
Pathology
Etiology
Causes of a pear-shaped bladder inc...
Article
Renal tubular ectasia
Renal tubular ectasia is an incidental finding that is seen more commonly on intravenous pyelography (IVP), but which can also occasionally be seen on CT urography (CTU).
Terminology
Renal tubular ectasia is also known as benign renal tubular ectasia. The term "benign" was used to differentiat...
Article
Testicular torsion-detorsion syndrome
Testicular torsion-detorsion syndrome or intermittent testicular torsion refers to acute and periodic testicular pain due to limited blood flow, integrated with asymptomatic periods 1. Testicular torsion-detorsion syndrome has increasingly been reported in the literature.
Epidemiology
Testic...
Article
Metanephric stromal tumor
Metanephric stromal tumor (MST) is a very rare, benign renal neoplasm that predominantly affect children.
Epidemiology
Metanephric stromal tumor is characterized by pure stromal morphology, hyper-differentiation, and no metastasis. The median age of diagnosis was 2 years. Less than fifty cas...
Article
Perineum
The perineum is a diamond-shaped region below the pelvic diaphragm and is divided by an imaginary line drawn between the ischial tuberosities into anteriorly the urogenital triangle and posteriorly the anal triangle.
Gross anatomy
The perineum is bounded by the pubis anteriorly, the ischial tu...
Article
Deep artery of the penis
The deep artery of the penis, also known as cavernosal artery, is one of the two terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The internal pudendal artery bifurcates terminally into the deep artery of the penis and the dorsal artery of the penis at the anterior marg...
Article
Renal sinus lipomatosis
Renal sinus lipomatosis refers to a condition where there is excessive renal sinus fat replacement.
Pathology
Renal sinus lipomatosis results from renal parenchymal atrophy, inflammation, calculous disease, aging 1, or exogenous or endogenous steroids. There is usually no or rarely little mass...
Article
Dorsal artery of the penis
The dorsal artery of the penis is one of the two terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The internal pudendal artery bifurcates into the deep artery of the penis and the dorsal artery of the penis at the anterior margin of the perineal membrane 1.
Terminatio...
Article
Wolffian duct
The Wolffian duct (also known as the mesonephric duct) is one of the paired embryogenic tubules that drain the primitive kidney (mesonephros) to the cloaca. It also gives off a lateral branch forming the ureteric bud. In both the male and the female, the Wolffian duct develops into the trigone o...
Article
Testicular dislocation
Testicular dislocation is a rare condition in which a testis is dislocated from its normal position within the scrotum to another location, most commonly the superficial inguinal pouch.
Epidemiology
The condition mainly occurs in younger men with a mean age of 25 years 2.
Clinical presentatio...
Article
Intratesticular hematoma
Intratesticular hematomas are hematomas within the testis and typically result from testicular trauma.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
isoechoic/hyperechoic region in the traumatised testis, becoming more hypoechoic as it resolves
lack of color Doppler flow
Differential diagnosis
segmenta...
Article
Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis (staging)
Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis staging uses the TNM system and is very similar to staging of TCC of the bladder and to staging of TCC of the ureter.
TNM staging (8th edition)
T
Ta: noninvasive papillary tumor
Tis: in situ (noninvasive flat)
T1: through lamina propria into s...
Article
Tulip sign
The tulip sign is a sonographic clue for in utero diagnosis of severe hypospadias.
The configuration of a tulip is given by the severe curvature of the penis in association with the penoscrotal transposition of a bifid scrotum.
History and etymology
The tulip sign was first described in 2002 ...
Article
Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter (staging)
Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter staging uses the TNM system and is very similar to staging of TCC of the bladder and to staging of TCC of the renal pelvis.
TNM staging (8th edition)
T
Ta: noninvasive papillary tumor
Tis: in situ (noninvasive flat)
T1: through lamina propria into ...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.