Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
704 results found
Article
Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome
Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome is uncommon, but usually presents with profound neurological signs and symptoms, and the prognosis is poor.
Epidemiology
Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome represents only 5-8% of acute myelopathies 4,5 and <1% of all strokes 7. The demographic of affected...
Article
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome
The drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome typically manifests as a skin rash, fever, lymph nodal enlargement with variable internal organ involvement, and represents a hypersensitivity reaction to medication.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation can be vari...
Article
Treacher Collins syndrome
Treacher Collins syndrome, also known as mandibulofacial dysostosis, is an autosomal dominant genetic abnormality and results from bilateral malformations of first and second branchial arches (see branchial apparatus).
Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated at approximately 1 in 50,000 live b...
Article
Swyer-James syndrome
Swyer-James syndrome, also known as Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome and Bret syndrome, is a rare lung condition that manifests as unilateral hemithorax lucency as a result of postinfectious obliterative bronchiolitis.
Epidemiology
The condition typically follows a viral respiratory infection suc...
Article
Poland-Möbius syndrome
Poland-Möbius syndrome, is the combination of Möbius syndrome and Poland syndrome, which although very rare, has been well described 1.
History and etymology
Sir Alfred Poland (1822-1872): English surgeon 2
Paul Julius Möbius (1853-1907): German neurologist 3
Article
Thanatophoric dysplasia
Thanatophoric dysplasia is a lethal skeletal dysplasia. It is the most common lethal skeletal dysplasia followed by osteogenesis imperfecta type II.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is around 1:25,000-50,000 3.
Associations
polyhydramnios 4
Pathology
Subtypes
There are two recognized...
Article
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), less commonly known as stuck twin syndrome, is a potential complication that can occur in a monochorionic twin pregnancy (either MCDA or MCMA).
Epidemiology
This complication can occur in ~10% (range 15-25%) of monochorionic pregnancies, giving an est...
Article
Sagliker syndrome
Sagliker syndrome is an uncommon bone condition, possibly a severe phenotype of renal osteodystrophy, marked by secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease associated with skull and facial deformities 1-4.
Epidemiology
Sagliker syndrome is a rare condition m...
Article
Cytokine release syndrome
Cytokine release syndrome refers to the overwhelming release of cytokines by T-cells or other immune effector cells in the absence of immunomodulation, which can result in severe systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction 4. Severe manifestation of cytokine release syndrome ...
Article
Carcinoid syndrome
Carcinoid syndrome refers to a spectrum of symptoms that result from excessive hormone (mainly serotonin) secretion.
Epidemiology
Occurs equally between the sexes, most commonly in the 40-70 year age group 3.
Clinical presentation
Diarrhea is the most common and earliest symptom but others ...
Article
Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome)
Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome) is a rare complication of chronic alcohol use that can present with seizures and a variety of neurological deficits.
Epidemiology
SESA syndrome is rare and seen in alcoholics who are not undergoing withdrawal 1-3.
Clinical ...
Article
Cerebellar mutism syndrome
Cerebellar mutism syndrome, also known as post-operative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS), usually develops after resection of midline cerebellar or intraventricular tumors in the posterior cranial fossa. Typical features of this condition are transient mutism, ataxia, hypotonia and i...
Article
Tapia syndrome
Tapia syndrome , also called matador's disease, is a rare syndrome that is characterized by unilateral paralysis of the tongue and vocal cords. Although the problem typically occurs after anesthetic airway management or manipulation, it can be due to central causes in rare cases 11. The syndrom...
Article
Werner syndrome
Werner syndrome is a progeroid rare autosomal recessive condition attributed to chromosome 8. It should not to be confused with similarly sounding Wermer syndrome.
Pathology
Werner syndrome is characterized by
premature senescence
cataracts
short stature
scleroderma-like skin changes such ...
Article
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome describes paroxysmal tachydysrhythmias in the presence of a specific accessory pathway which allows direct electrical connection between the atria and ventricles, which usually exclusively occurs via the atrioventricular (AV) node. The accessory pathway is usua...
Article
Chronic hereditary lymphedema
Chronic hereditary lymphedema (also known as Milroy disease) is a condition characterized by lower limb lymphedema. Patients typically present with pedal edema at or before birth or soon after. Occasionally, it develops later in life.
Clinical presentation
The commonest presentation is bilater...
Article
McCune-Albright syndrome
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) (also known as McCune-Albright-Sternberg syndrome) is a genetic disorder characterized by the triad:
endocrinopathy: precocious puberty
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: more severe than in sporadic cases
cutaneous pigmentation: coast of Maine 'café au lait' spots
...
Article
Sakati-Nyhan syndrome
The Sakati-Nyhan syndrome, also known as Sakati-Nyhan-Tisdale syndrome or acrocephalosyndactly type III, is an extremely rare type of acrocephalopolysyndactyly.
Its main features include:
craniofacial defects
congenital limb abnormalities
congenital heart defects
History and etymology
It w...
Article
Distal intersection syndrome
The distal intersection syndrome relates to tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon (3rd extensor compartment), where it crosses the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB) tendons (2nd extensor compartment) 1. It is distinct from intersection syndrome which oc...
Article
Godtfredsen syndrome
Godtfredsen syndrome, also known as clival (clivus) syndrome, is a rare syndrome of abducens and hypoglossal nerve palsies that localizes to a clival mass.
Clinical presentation
The classic clinical presentation includes 1-3:
abducens nerve palsy: diplopia worse when horizontal gaze is direct...
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