Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,384 results found
Article
Marginal sinus (foramen magnum)
The marginal sinus is a dural venous sinus and runs along the inner margin of foramen magnum. It has numerous communications with regional venous structures 1-2:
anteriorly: basilar venous plexus
posteriorly: occipital sinus
laterally
sigmoid sinus
veins of the hypoglossal canal
inferiorl...
Article
Pseudoendoleak
Pseudoendoleak is a color Doppler ultrasound phenomenon caused by spurious color signal in the aneurysm sac following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).
Radiographic features
Pseudoendoleak is defined as flow signal on color Doppler in the aneurysm sac following EVAR, without evidence of lea...
Article
Gastric varix
Gastric varices are an important portosystemic collateral pathway, occurring in ~20% of patients with portal hypertension. They are considered distinct from esophageal varices in that they have a propensity to hemorrhage at comparatively lower portal pressures 1, and are also associated with hig...
Article
Bronchial arterial aneurysm
Bronchial arterial aneurysm refers to any form of aneurysmal dilatation involving any segment of the bronchial artery. The term is sometimes used synonymously with a bronchial arterial pseudoaneurysm 2.
Epidemiology
They are a rare entity and are reported in <1% of those who undergo selective ...
Article
Carotid artery tortuosity
Carotid artery tortuosity is the elongation of the extracranial carotid arteries with redundancy and/or altered course, which may present on imaging as kinking, coiling, and/or looping 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Carotid artery tortuosity is mostly (~80%) asymptomatic. When symptomatic (~12.5%,...
Article
Anastamoses between internal and external carotid arteries
Multiple, highly-variable anastomoses exist between the internal and external carotid arteries. These anastomoses may not be evident on non-invasive imaging or even catheter angiography, and may only be demonstrable with elevated intra-arterial pressures or high-flow states.
Internal carotid ar...
Article
Deep artery of the penis
The deep artery of the penis, also known as cavernosal artery, is one of the two terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The internal pudendal artery bifurcates terminally into the deep artery of the penis and the dorsal artery of the penis at the anterior marg...
Article
Egyptian eye sign
"Egyptian eye sign" or "sonographic eye sign" refers to the normal appearance of great saphenous vein on ultrasound, in transverse view 1,2.
Ultrasound examination of the great saphenous vein shows echogenic fascia surrounding it, with the saphenous fascia superiorly and the muscular fascia inf...
Article
Dorsal artery of the penis
The dorsal artery of the penis is one of the two terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The internal pudendal artery bifurcates into the deep artery of the penis and the dorsal artery of the penis at the anterior margin of the perineal membrane 1.
Terminatio...
Article
Stent graft–induced new entry tear
A stent graft–induced new entry (SINE) tear refers to a new tear within an existing dissection flap caused by a stent graft placement. It excludes those arising from natural disease progression or iatrogenic injury from the endovascular manipulation. It is a potential complication from a thoraci...
Article
Yin-yang sign (vascular)
The yin-yang sign, also known as the Pepsi sign, is a radiological sign described in both true and false aneurysms on various imaging modalities.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
On Doppler ultrasound, the yin-yang sign indicates bidirectional flow due to the swirling of blood within the true...
Article
Superior mesenteric artery
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is one of the three non-paired major splanchnic arteries in the abdominal cavity arising from the abdominal aorta and supplying the midgut; i.e. from mid duodenum to distal transverse colon.
Gross anatomy
Origin
Single vessel arising anteriorly from the ab...
Article
Hyperreninaemic hypertension (differential)
Hyperreninaemic hypertension may have many causes including:
renal artery stenosis
renal secreting tumor, e.g. renal cell carcinoma, reninoma
renal compression: large renal mass, subcapsular hemorrhage (Page kidney)
Article
Retromandibular vein
The retromandibular vein, also known as the posterior facial vein, runs through the substance of the parotid gland.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The retromandibular vein is formed, usually within the parotid, by the confluence of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein. It lie...
Article
Simmons catheter
The Simmons catheter, also known as Sidewinder 1, Sim, or SS catheter, is a common reverse-curve angiographic selective access catheter designed for catheterization and subselection of brachiocephalic or visceral arteries, in order to secure access, advance, and exchange devices, or deliver cont...
Article
Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma
Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcomas are the most common type of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma and most common primary malignancy of the inferior vena cava (IVC).
Epidemiology
Three-quarters of cases occur in women, usually aged 40-60 years 2.
Clinical presentation
When symptomatic, patients ...
Article
Cardiac venous malformations
Cardiac venous malformations (also known as cardiac hemangiomas) consists of a slow flow venous malformation and is composed of numerous non-neoplastic endothelial-lined thin-walled channels with interspersed fat and fibrous septae.
Terminology
It is important to note that according to the ISS...
Article
Encephalomyosynangiosis
Encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) is an indirect revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease as a way to bypass an occluded internal carotid artery and circle of Willis.
It entails dissecting strips of vascularized temporalis muscle and subjacent galeal flap and, following craniotomy and openin...
Article
Portal vein embolization
Portal vein embolization (PVE) is a technique used to selectively occlude the blood supply to one of the liver lobes, diverting portal blood flow to the other lobe, the future liver remnant (FLR).
This diversion will increase the size of the post-hepatectomy future liver remnant, which improves...
Article
Spinal epidural venous plexus congestion
Spinal epidural venous plexus congestion or dilatation is typically a complication of other pathologies.
Clinical presentation
Radiculopathy caused by the dilated epidural veins is not uncommon 1. More severe symptoms such as cauda equina compression syndrome have been reported 6, 7.
Patholo...
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