Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
248 results found
Article
Dry tap (lumbar puncture)
A dry tap refers to a lumbar puncture where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cannot be obtained despite the needle tip being in the thecal sac 1. Dry taps may be associated with needle misplacement or blockage, dehydration, low CSF pressure, severe spinal canal stenosis (including epidural lipomatosis)...
Article
Hickman catheter
Hickman catheters (or Hickman lines) are a type of tunneled central venous access line.
Radiographic features
Hickman catheters are typically inserted into either jugular vein, and the proximal tubing is tunneled through the subcutaneous tissues to a skin incision on the chest. The distal part...
Article
Sunburst sign (renal angiomyolipoma)
The sunburst sign refers to the appearance of arterial blush seen at selective arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of a renal angiomyolipoma.
An angiomyolipoma is a hypervascular renal mass that shows a dense early arterial vascular network of tortuous irregular vessels with micro- o...
Article
Splenic trauma
Splenic trauma can occur after blunt or penetrating trauma or secondary to medical intervention (i.e. iatrogenic). The spleen is the most frequently injured internal organ after blunt trauma.
Epidemiology
In blunt trauma, the spleen can account for up to 49% of abdominal organ injuries 2.
Cli...
Article
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty
Vertebroplasty and its balloon-assisted variant, kyphoplasty, are imaging-guided procedures that involve percutaneous injection of surgical polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement into a diseased vertebral body. Vertebroplasty provides pain relief and strengthens the bone of vertebrae weakened by d...
Article
Celiac plexus block
Celiac plexus block under image guidance is an easy and safe percutaneous procedure with good outcomes for pain palliation in patients who have chronic abdominal pain related to the celiac plexus.
This usually includes patients with advanced cancers, especially from upper abdominal viscera, su...
Article
Superior hypogastric nerve block
Superior hypogastric nerve block is a valuable tool for pain relief in the setting of uterine fibroid embolization. This procedure results in significant ischemic pain, peaking at 6-8 hours and lasting approximately 24 hours, then followed by a lesser degree of post-embolization pain which can l...
Article
Esophageal stent
Esophageal stents are a treatment option in patients with esophageal strictures. It is most commonly used for symptomatic relief in those with dysphagia secondary to malignancy. The stent is typically covered in nature and inserted endoscopically or fluoroscopically. The distal esophagus is the ...
Article
Rotational vertebral artery occlusion syndrome
Rotational vertebral artery occlusion syndrome, also known as bow hunter's syndrome, is a rare form of vertebrobasilar insufficiency secondary to dynamic compression of the usually dominant vertebral artery.
Clinical features
Symptoms are usually transient and elicited upon rotation of the he...
Article
Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System
The Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) is a standardized method for reporting and communicating coronary CT angiography findings and serves as a clinical decision support tool to guide subsequent patient management.
History and etymology
The system was created by a ...
Article
Fluoroscopy guided lumbar puncture
Fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture (LP) is a minimally invasive, image-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that involves the removal of a small volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from, or an injection of medication or other substance (e.g. radiotracer, chemotherapy agents) into the lumb...
Article
Large vessel occlusion
Large vessel occlusion (LVO), also termed proximal large vessel occlusion (PLVO), describes occlusion of a proximal and large-sized intracranial artery resulting in impending acute ischemic stroke. The definition of large vessel occlusion varies significantly among clinical trials of endovascula...
Article
Endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation
Endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation is a minimally invasive alternative for the creation of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access.
Technique
Catheter-based technology and image guidance in the form of ultrasound and fluoroscopy is utilized create a side-to-side anastomosis be...
Article
Chemical ablation
Chemical ablation is a technique in which chemical ablative substances are used to cause cell death in neoplastic tissue. It is used as a standalone procedure or in combination with other techniques like TACE and radiofrequency ablation.
Agents
absolute ethanol (most commonly used)
acetic aci...
Article
Cauldwell classification
Cauldwell classification is a commonly used classification 4 in assessing bronchial artery branching patterns.
Classification
The bronchial artery branching pattern is classified into four types based on the number of intercostobronchial trunks (ICBT) - that give rise to the right bronchial ar...
Article
Cryoablation
Cryoablation refers to the use of thermal energy in the form of very low temperatures to achieve targeted destruction of tumor cells. It is an image-guided technique, currently widely employed in the management of renal 1, hepatic 2 and lung tumors 3.
Historically, a rudimental form of cryosurg...
Article
Breast ductography
Breast ductography (a.k.a. galactography) is an imaging technique which is used to evaluate lesions causing nipple discharge. It helps in precisely locating the mass within breast tissue and gives useful information for surgical approach and planning.
Technique
A blunt-tipped sialogram needle ...
Article
Foot injection (disambiguation)
Foot injection is a non-specific term often used by patients, about tarsal or metatarsal joint injections and to other procedures which include:
calcaneocuboid joint injection
metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) injection
naviculocuneiform joint injection
plantar fascia injection
plantar fasc...
Article
Ultrasound-guided biopsy
Ultrasound-guided biopsy is one form of image-guided biopsy, typically performed by a radiologist. It is the most common form of image-guided biopsy, offering convenience and real-time dynamic observation with echogenic markers on cannulae allowing for precise placement.
It can potentially be u...
Article
Percutaenous renal tumor ablation
Percutaneous ablation in the kidney is now performed as a standard therapeutic nephron-sparing option in patients who are poor candidates for resection. It is performed via radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation.
Follow-up time frame
Can vary according to center but usually includes contrast-...
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