Items tagged “lung”
117 results found
Article
Acute unilateral airspace opacification (differential)
Acute unilateral airspace opacification is a subset of the differential diagnosis for airspace opacification.
Differential diagnosis
The exhaustive list of all possible causes would be huge, but a useful framework includes:
pus (i.e. pulmonary infection)
bacterial pneumonia
fungal pneumon...
Article
Acute airspace opacification with lymphadenopathy (differential)
Acute airspace opacification with lymphadenopathy is a subset of the differential diagnosis for generalized airspace opacification and includes:
post-obstructive causes (usually chronic, but 'new' changes can occur)
primary lung cancer
pulmonary metastases
lymphoma/leukemia
infection
prim...
Article
Air bronchogram
An air bronchogram occurs when endobronchial air is visible against a background of increased lung opacity. Expulsion of gas from the parenchyma is partial or complete and can be due to atelectasis and/or replacement by fluid, inflammatory cells, blood, tumor or interstitial thickening. The pers...
Article
Air crescent (lung)
Air crescent describes the crescent of gas between an intra-cavitary mass and the cavity wall. The intra-cavitary mass may be due to necrotic tissue or a fungus ball 6.
Terminology
The descriptor Monod sign 2 is commonly used to describe the combination of a gas crescent and a mobile fungus ba...
Article
Caplan syndrome
Caplan syndrome, also known as rheumatoid pneumoconiosis, is the combination of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis.
Although first described in coal miners (coal workers' pneumoconiosis), it has subsequently been found in a variety of other pneumoconioses 2.
Epidemiology
Af...
Article
Carney triad
Carney triad is a rare syndrome defined by the coexistence of three tumors:
extra-adrenal paraganglioma
initially, only functioning extra-adrenal paragangliomas were included, but subsequent work includes non-functioning extra-adrenal paragangliomas 1
gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (...
Article
Chronic bilateral airspace opacification (differential)
Chronic bilateral airspace opacification is a subset of the differential diagnosis for airspace opacification. An exhaustive list of all possible causes of chronic bilateral airspace opacities is long, but a useful framework is as follows:
inflammatory
sarcoidosis
granulomatosis with polyangi...
Article
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is an occupational disease (type of pneumoconiosis) caused by exposure to coal dust free of silica (washed coal). Histologically, coal workers' pneumoconiosis is classified according to disease severity into simple (presence of coal macules) and complicated (wi...
Article
Eosinophilic lung disease
Eosinophilic lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by excess infiltration of eosinophils within the lung interstitium and alveoli and are broadly divided into three main groups 1:
idiopathic: unknown causes
secondary: known causes
eosinophilic vasculitis:...
Article
Honeycombing (lungs)
Honeycombing is a CT imaging descriptor referring to clustered cystic air spaces (between 3 and 10 mm in diameter, but occasionally as large as 2.5 cm) that are usually subpleural, peripheral, and basal in distribution. They can be subdivided into:
microcystic honeycombing
macrocystic honeycom...
Article
Lung cancer (staging - IASLC 7th edition) (historical)
The IASLC (International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer) 7th edition lung cancer staging system was proposed in 2010 and has now been updated and superseded by the 8th edition, published in 2016.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) used to be staged di...
Article
Monod sign (lungs)
The Monod sign describes gas that surrounds a mobile fungus ball or mycetoma (most commonly an aspergilloma) in a pre-existing pulmonary cavity 1-3.
Terminology
In the 2024 edition of the Fleischner glossary, air crescent is the preferred term applying to air crescents seen with both mobile in...
Article
Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum, also known as funnel chest or trichterbrust 13, is a congenital chest wall deformity characterized by concave depression of the sternum, resulting in cosmetic and radiographic alterations.
Epidemiology
It is the most common chest wall deformity, accounting for approximately 9...
Article
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism (PE) refers to partial or complete embolic occlusion of one or more pulmonary arteries, most commonly due to thrombus. PE is apparent as a ventilated perfusion defect on V/Q scan 35.
Non-thrombotic pulmonary emboli sources include 30:
gas embolism, e.g. air embolism, carbon...
Article
Water lily sign (hydatid cyst)
The water lily sign, also known as the camalote sign, is seen in hydatid infections when the inner endocyst detaches from the outer pericyst, resulting in a free-floating membrane within the cyst.
It is classically described on plain radiographs (mainly chest X-ray) when the collapsed membranes...
Case
Bronchiectasis
Published
07 May 2008
62% complete
CT
Article
Pulmonary hamartoma
Pulmonary hamartomas (alternative plural: hamartomata) are benign neoplasms composed of cartilage, connective tissue, muscle, fat, and bone. It is one of the most common benign lung tumors, accounting for ~8% of all lung neoplasms and 6% of solitary pulmonary nodules.
Terminology
Pulmonary cho...
Article
Peripheral lung opacities (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for peripheral lung opacities seen on chest x-ray or CT are useful to remember differentials. Examples include:
AEIOU
SIC CUE
Mnemonics
AEIOU
A: alveolar sarcoidosis
E: eosinophilic pneumonia
I: infarction
O: organizing pneumonia (including COP)
U: usual interstitial pneumonit...
Article
Finger in glove sign (lung)
The finger in glove sign can be seen on either a chest radiograph or CT chest and refers to the characteristic sign of a bronchocele.
Terminology
The same appearance has also been referred to as:
Mickey Mouse appearance
rabbit ear appearance
toothpaste-shaped opacity
V-shaped opacities
Y...
Case
Pneumonia - right upper lobe
Published
09 Oct 2009
69% complete
X-ray