Items tagged “refs”
2,974 results found
Article
Lucent/lytic bone lesion - differential diagnosis (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for the differential diagnosis of lucent/lytic bone lesions include:
FEGNOMASHIC
FOG MACHINES
They are anagrams of each other and therefore include the same components. They are by no means exhaustive lists, but are a good start for remembering a differential for a lucent/lytic bone...
Article
Internal acoustic canal
The internal acoustic canal (IAC), also known as the internal auditory canal or meatus (IAM), is a bony canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that transmits nerves and vessels from within the posterior cranial fossa to the auditory and vestibular apparatus.
Gross anatomy
The op...
Article
Falciform crest
The falciform crest, also known as the crista falciformis, is a horizontal bony ridge that divides the lateral portion of the internal acoustic meatus (IAM) into superior and inferior portions.
Superior
The facial nerve (VII) and superior vestibular nerve (SVN) travel in the superior portion o...
Article
Diencephalon
The diencephalon is connected above and in front of the cerebral hemispheres; behind the mid-brain. Its upper surface is concealed by the corpus callosum, and is covered by a fold of pia mater, named the tela choroidea of the third ventricle; inferiorly it reaches to the base of the brain.
It c...
Article
Notochord
The notochord represents the earliest fetal axial skeleton, extending from the Rathke pouch to the coccyx. It is a primitive cell line from which the skull base and vertebral column develop. The notochord is cylindrical and is replaced by sclerotomes that produce cartilage, and subsequently bone...
Article
Occipital artery
The occipital artery is a branch of the external carotid artery in the neck. It sweeps an oblique posterosuperior course under the skull base to supply regions of the upper neck, occiput and posterior fossa.
Summary
origin: posterior from the proximal external carotid artery
termination: post...
Article
Varicocele embolization
Varicocele embolization is a minimally invasive method of treating varicoceles by embolizing the testicular vein (internal spermatic veins).
Indications
symptomatic varicocele
infertility/subfertility
failed surgical ligation
Contraindications
Relative contraindications include:
intraveno...
Article
Eustachian tube
The Eustachian tube, also known as the pharyngotympanic tube or auditory tube, is the channel via which the tympanic cavity communicates with the nasopharynx.
Gross anatomy
It is ~36 mm in length and is directed downward, forward, and medially, forming an angle of about 45 degrees with the sag...
Article
Mental artery
The mental artery is a terminal branch of the inferior alveolar artery which itself is a branch of the first part of the maxillary artery. It emerges onto the face from the mandibular canal with the mental nerve at the mental foramen, and supplies muscles and skin in the chin region. The mental ...
Article
Infraorbital artery
The infraorbital artery is a branch of the third part of the maxillary artery. It runs through the inferior orbital fissure, orbit, infraorbital canal then the infraorbital foramen. Here it gives off the anterior superior alveolar artery which supplies the anterior teeth and the anterior part of...
Article
Deep temporal arteries
The deep temporal arteries (anterior, middle and posterior) are branches from the second part of the maxillary artery. They ascend between the temporalis muscle and the pericranium supplying the overlying muscle.
The anterior branch communicates with the lacrimal artery by means of small branch...
Article
Masseteric artery
The masseteric artery is a small branch from the second part of the maxillary artery. It passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle. It supplies the muscle, and anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary and with the transvers...
Article
Buccinator artery
The buccinator artery is a small branch from the second part of the maxillary artery. It runs obliquely forward, between the medial pterygoid and the insertion of the temporalis, to the outer surface of the buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the facial artery a...
Article
Indusium griseum
The indusium griseum is a thin layer of grey matter which covers the superior surface of the corpus callosum, extending from the paraterminal gyrus anteriorly to the dentate gyrus and hippocampus posteriorly via the gyrus fasciolaris. It has four longitudinal bundles (medial and lateral longitud...
Article
Endotension
Endotension, also referred to as a type V endoleak, is not a true leak but is defined as continued expansion of the aneurysm sac greater than 5 mm after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) without radiographic evidence of a leak site / demonstrable type I-IV endoleak
Pathology
It is a poorly un...
Article
Inferior anastomotic vein
The inferior anastomotic vein, also known as the vein of Labbé, is part of the superficial venous system of the brain.
Gross anatomy
The vein of Labbé is the largest venous channel on the lateral surface of the brain that crosses the temporal lobe between the Sylvian fissure and the transvers...
Article
Superior anastomotic vein
The superior anastomotic vein, also known as the vein of Trolard, is part of the superficial venous system of the brain.
It should not be confused with the venous circle of Trolard, the anastomotic venous circle of the base of the brain which is the inconsistently found venous homologue of the...
Article
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (differential)
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding usually occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz, and has a wide differential diagnosis:
diverticular disease
enterocolitis
infective
Crohn’s disease
ulcerative colitis
ischemic colitis
vascular malformation
vascular ectasia
angiodysplasia
arteriovenous m...
Article
Forceps minor
The forceps minor, also known as the anterior forceps, is a white matter fiber bundle which connects the lateral and medial surfaces of the frontal lobes and crosses the midline via the genu of the corpus callosum.
Article
Forceps major
The forceps major, also known as the posterior forceps, is a white matter fiber bundle that connects the occipital lobes from the splenium of the corpus callosum 3.
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