Items tagged “refs”
2,970 results found
Article
Rathke pouch
Rathke pouch, also known as hypophyseal diverticulum, is an ectodermal outpouching of stomodeum (primitive oral cavity lined by ectoderm) which forms at approximately 3-4 weeks gestation and goes on to form the adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland.
Gross anatomy
The anterior wall of the pouc...
Article
Vidian artery
The Vidian artery, also known as the artery of the pterygoid canal, is named after the canal in which it traverses, the Vidian canal 1.
Summary
location: Vidian canal
origin: maxillary artery
branches and supply: eustachian tube, tympanic cavity, superior pharynx
Gross anatomy
Location
Th...
Article
Pedunculated intratracheal mass
A pedunculated intratracheal mass has a variety of differential diagnoses:
benign tumor, e.g. hamartoma, chondroma, lipoma
hemangioma
inspissated mucus
metastasis to tracheal mucosa, e.g. renal cell carcinoma, melanoma
polyp, e.g. inflammatory, antrochoanal
papilloma
post-intubation trach...
Article
Caroticotympanic artery
The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is a small branch from the C2 segment of the internal carotid artery. It is a vestigial remnant of the hyoid artery.
It passes posterolaterally into the middle ear cavity and anastomoses with the inferior tympanic artery (a branch of the ascending p...
Article
Ophthalmic artery
The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the supraclinoid (C6) segment of the internal carotid artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The ophthalmic artery arises medial to the anterior clinoid process as the internal carotid artery exits the cavernous sinus. It originates from the antero- or supero-medial...
Article
Middle nasal concha
The middle nasal conchae or turbinates are one of the pairs of conchae in the nose, but unlike the inferior nasal conchae, these are not separate bones but part of the ethmoid bone.
Gross anatomy
The middle nasal concha consists of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid which is a thin...
Article
Superior nasal concha
The superior nasal conchae or turbinates form one of the three pairs of conchae in the nose and represent part of the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone, arising as bony projections from its posterior surface.
The air passage between the superior nasal concha and the lateral nasal wall is known as t...
Article
Inferior nasal concha
The inferior nasal conchae or turbinates are one of the pairs of conchae in the nose.
Gross anatomy
It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. The inferior nasal conchae are considered a pair of ...
Article
Labyrinth of ethmoid bone
The labyrinth or lateral mass of the ethmoid bone consists of a number of thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoidal air cells, arranged in two groups: anterior and posterior, and interposed between two vertical plates of bone; the lateral plate forms part of the orbit, the medial, part of the...
Article
Ethmoid bone
The ethmoid bone is a single midline facial bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain and is located at the roof of the nose and between the orbits. It is a cubical shape and is relatively lightweight because of its spongy construction and air-filled sinuses. It contributes to the ante...
Article
Causes of oligohydramnios (mnemonic)
A helpful mnemonic for remembering some causes of oligohydramnios is:
DRIPPC
Mnemonic
D: demise
R: renal abnormalities (decreased urine output)
I: IUGR
P: premature rupture of membranes
P: post-dates
C: chromosomal anomalies
Article
Medial lenticulostriate arteries
The medial lenticulostriate arteries are generally considered to arise from the A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and supply the globus pallidus and medial portion of the putamen 1,3.
They are shorter, thinner and fewer in number than the lateral lenticulostriate arteries, which ar...
Article
Lateral lenticulostriate arteries
The lateral lenticulostriate arteries arise from the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA), usually from M1 segment, more rarely from the postbifurcation or M2 segment. They supply the lateral portion of the putamen and external capsule as well as the upper internal capsule.
They are longer (al...
Article
Pericallosal moustache
The pericallosal moustache is formed by small branches from the pericallosal arteries and their accompanying veins. These form what appears to be an upturned well groomed moustache (not unlike Salvador Dali) and outline the superior surface of the corpus callosum (pericallosal cistern).
Article
Fetal death in utero
Fetal death in utero (FDIU), also known as intrauterine death (IUD), is the term used when the death of a fetus occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. Prior to this, it is considered a miscarriage.
Terminology
IUD is often also used as an abbreviation for an intrauterine contraceptive device...
Article
Acute sinusitis
Acute sinusitis (rare plural: sinusitides) is an acute inflammation of the paranasal sinus mucosa that lasts less than four weeks and can occur in any of the paranasal sinuses. If the nasal cavity mucosa is also involved - rhinitis - then the term rhinosinusitis may be used.
Clinical presentati...
Article
Flat waist sign
The flat waist sign refers to flattening of the left heart border, specifically the contours of the aortic arch and adjacent pulmonary trunk. It is seen in severe left lower lobe collapse and is caused by leftward displacement and rotation of the heart.
It is different to the straight left hear...
Article
Fetal posterior cerebral artery
A fetal (origin of the) posterior cerebral artery is a common variant in the posterior cerebral circulation, estimated to occur in 20-30% of individuals 2.
A fetal posterior communicating artery (PCom) describes a situation whereby the PCom is larger than the P1 segment of the posterior cerebra...
Article
Medial posterior choroidal artery
The medial posterior choroidal artery is a small branch (often multiple - 40% of hemispheres) usually arising from the P2 segment of the PCA. It may also arise from one of the PCA branches, e.g. parieto-occiptal, calcarine, splenial artery.
It ascends deep to the rest of the PCA and supplies sm...
Article
Lateral posterior choroidal artery
The lateral posterior choroidal artery may be a singular vessel or exist as multiple lateral posterior choroidal arteries. In either case, they usually arise from the P2 segment of the PCA, just distal (and lateral) to the medial posterior choroidal arteries. In some cases, they may arise from o...
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