Hypopharyngeal carcinoma (staging)

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Staging of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is performed using the TNM staging system.

TNM staging

Primary tumour staging (T)

T1:
- limited to 1 subsite AND
- tumour size ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension
T2:
- extends into adjacent subsite or area (larynx, oropharynx) ~~AND / OR~~and/or
- tumour size between 2 ~~- 4~~-4 cm in greatest dimension
- clinically there must not be fixation of the hemilarynx
T3:
- tumour size > 4 cm in greatest dimension OR
- clinical fixation of hemilarynx
T4:
- T4a: : direct invasion of one or more of the following:
  - thyroid cartilage ~~/ cricoid~~/cricoid cartilage
  - hyoid bone
  - thyroid gland
  - oesophagus
  - central compartment
- T4b: : direct invasion of one or more of the following:
  - mediastinal structures
  - prevertebral fascia
  - encases carotid artery

Nodal status (N)

Nodal staging is the same for SCCs of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx.

Nx:: nodes cannot be assessed
N0: ~~: no~~ no regional nodal metastases
N1: ~~: single~~ single ipsilateral node, ≤ 3cm
N2:
- N2a: : single ipsilateral node, 3 ~~- 6~~-6 cm
- N2b: : multiple ipsilateral nodes, < 6 cm
- N2c:
  - bilateral nodal metastases OR
  - contralateral nodal metastases < 6 cm
N3: : any nodal metastasis > 6 cm

Metastases (M)

Mx: : presence of metastases cannot be assessed
M0: : no evidence of metastases
M1: : distant metastases present

-<p><strong>Staging of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma</strong> is performed using the <a href="/articles/tnm-staging-system" title="TNM staging system">TNM staging system</a>. </p><h4>TNM staging</h4><h6>Primary tumour staging (T)</h6><ul><li><strong>T1</strong><ul><li>limited to 1 <a href="/articles/hypopharyngeal-subsites" title="Hypopharyngeal subsites">subsite</a> AND</li><li>tumour size ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension</li></ul></li><li><strong>T2</strong><ul><li>extends into adjacent subsite or area (larynx, oropharynx) AND / OR</li><li>tumour size between 2 - 4 cm in greatest dimension</li><li>clinically there must not be fixation of the hemilarynx</li></ul></li><li><strong>T3</strong>
-<ul><li>tumour size > 4 cm in greatest dimension OR</li><li>clinical fixation of hemilarynx</li></ul></li><li><strong>T4</strong><ul><li><strong>T4a</strong> : direct invasion of one or more of the following: 
-<ul><li>thyroid cartilage / cricoid cartilage</li><li>hyoid bone</li><li>thyroid gland</li><li>oesophagus</li><li>central compartment</li></ul></li><li><strong>T4b</strong> : direct invasion of one or more of the following:
-<ul><li>mediastinal structures</li><li>prevertebral fascia</li><li>encases carotid artery</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h6>Nodal status (N)</h6><p>Nodal staging is the same for SCCs of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. </p><ul><li><strong>Nx</strong> : nodes cannot be assessed</li><li><strong>N0</strong> : no regional nodal metastases </li><li><strong>N1</strong> : single ipsilateral node, ≤ 3cm</li><li><strong>N2</strong><ul><li><strong>N2a</strong> : single ipsilateral node, 3 - 6 cm</li><li><strong>N2b</strong> : multiple ipsilateral nodes, < 6 cm </li><li><strong>N2c</strong><ul><li>bilateral nodal metastases OR</li><li>contralateral nodal metastases < 6 cm</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><strong>N3</strong> : any nodal metastasis > 6 cm</li></ul><a name="M_-_Metastases"></a><h6>Metastases (M)</h6><ul><li><strong>Mx</strong> : presence of metastases cannot be assessed</li><li><strong>M0</strong> : no evidence of metastases</li><li><strong>M1</strong> : distant metastases present</li></ul><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-aerodigestive-tract-of-the-head-and-neck" title="squamous cell carcinoma of the aerodigestive tract of the head and neck">squamous cell carcinoma of the aerodigestive tract of the head and neck</a></li><li><a href="/articles/hypopharyngeal-squamous-cell-carcinoma" title="Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx">squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx</a></li><li><a href="/articles/hypopharyngeal-subsites" title="Hypopharyngeal subsites">hypopharyngeal subsites</a></li></ul>
+<p><strong>Staging of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma</strong> is performed using the <a href="/articles/tnm-staging-system">TNM staging system</a>.</p><h4>TNM staging</h4><h6>Primary tumour staging (T)</h6><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>T1:</strong><ul>
+<li>limited to 1 <a href="/articles/hypopharyngeal-subsites">subsite</a> AND</li>
+<li>tumour size ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>T2:</strong><ul>
+<li>extends into adjacent subsite or area (larynx, oropharynx) and/or</li>
+<li>tumour size between 2-4 cm in greatest dimension</li>
+<li>clinically there must not be fixation of the hemilarynx</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>T3:</strong><ul>
+<li>tumour size > 4 cm in greatest dimension OR</li>
+<li>clinical fixation of hemilarynx</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>T4:</strong><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>T4a: </strong>direct invasion of one or more of the following: <ul>
+<li>thyroid cartilage/cricoid cartilage</li>
+<li>hyoid bone</li>
+<li>thyroid gland</li>
+<li>oesophagus</li>
+<li>central compartment</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>T4b: </strong>direct invasion of one or more of the following:<ul>
+<li>mediastinal structures</li>
+<li>prevertebral fascia</li>
+<li>encases carotid artery</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul><h6>Nodal status (N)</h6><p>Nodal staging is the same for SCCs of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx</p><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>Nx:</strong>: nodes cannot be assessed</li>
+<li>
+<strong>N0:</strong> no regional nodal metastases</li>
+<li>
+<strong>N1:</strong> single ipsilateral node, ≤ 3cm</li>
+<li>
+<strong>N2:</strong><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>N2a: </strong>single ipsilateral node, 3-6 cm</li>
+<li>
+<strong>N2b: </strong>multiple ipsilateral nodes, < 6 cm</li>
+<li>
+<strong>N2c:</strong><ul>
+<li>bilateral nodal metastases OR</li>
+<li>contralateral nodal metastases < 6 cm</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>N3: </strong>any nodal metastasis > 6 cm</li>
+</ul><p> </p><h6>Metastases (M)</h6><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>Mx: </strong>presence of metastases cannot be assessed</li>
+<li>
+<strong>M0: </strong>no evidence of metastases</li>
+<li>
+<strong>M1: </strong>distant metastases present</li>
+</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-aerodigestive-tract-of-the-head-and-neck">squamous cell carcinoma of the aerodigestive tract of the head and neck</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/hypopharyngeal-squamous-cell-carcinoma">squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/hypopharyngeal-subsites">hypopharyngeal subsites</a></li>
+</ul>