Items tagged “cases”
5,530 results found
Article
Accessory hepatic sulci
Accessory hepatic grooves (also known as accessory hepatic fissures or accessory hepatic sulci) are a common anatomic variant, with majority of accessory grooves occurring over the diaphragmatic surface of the liver 1,2.
Several hypotheses have been made regarding the process by which an access...
Article
Internal auditory canal atresia
Internal auditory canal atresia, also known as internal auditory canal stenosis, is characterized by partial or complete bony atresia of the internal auditory canal, often in association with hypoplasia/aplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Terminology
Internal auditory meatus is commonly us...
Article
Surgical splenorenal shunt
Surgical splenorenal shunts are anastomoses created between the splenic vein and the left renal vein, performed to ameliorate portal hypertension typically in the context of variceal bleeding.
Terminology
Surgical splenorenal shunts are not to be confused with spontaneous splenorenal shunts, w...
Article
Bridging vein thrombosis
Bridging vein thrombosis describes thrombosis of the fragile bridging veins that cross the subarachnoid and subdural spaces. The presence of bridging vein thrombosis on imaging has a strong association with non-accidental injury and can hint towards a traumatic etiology behind subdural hematoma ...
Article
Spoke wheel sign (focal nodular hyperplasia)
The spoke wheel sign is described in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and describes the pattern of internal vasculature of FNHs seen on color Doppler ultrasound when multiple arteries radiate peripherally from the center of the lesion.
This sign was classically applied to the color/power Doppler...
Article
Yolk stalk sign
The yolk stalk sign is the abnormal sonographic finding when an embryo with a crown-rump length of ≤ 5 mm without heartbeat is separated from the yolk sac. It is suspicious but not diagnostic of a failed early pregnancy. In early embryonic development, the embryo is typically adjacent to the dev...
Article
Mesocardia
Mesocardia is a condition in which the heart is longitudinally oriented along its long axis in the midline 1.
Terminology
Cardiac position refers to the anatomical position of the left ventricular apex in the thorax. The heart has three positions:
dextrocardia: right-sided heart
levocardia: ...
Article
Thymic tumor (staging)
The thymic tumor staging using the TNM staging system only applies to the epithelial types including thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus. It does not apply to thymic sarcoma, primary thymic lymphoma or other rare tumors.
This staging system is based upon recommend...
Article
Liver ultrasound
Liver ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing liver anatomy, size, and pathology. It is a non-invasive, painless, and relatively quick procedure that does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation.
Indications
Liver ultrasound is commonly utilized in the evaluation of various h...
Article
Normal variant of femoral condyle ossification
Normal variant of femoral condyle ossifications occurs due to variability of endochondral ossification of articular cartilage and can be easily confused with osteochondritis dissecans.
Epidemiology
more often in boys (mean age of ~8 years) than in girls 1
often bilateral 1,2
typically locat...
Article
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (neurological manifestations)
Neurological manifestations of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) are common, more often in patients who are ANCA positive and most frequently manifesting as peripheral neuropathy, although central nervous system involvement is also encountered 1,2.
Epidemiology
For a general...
Article
Simmons catheter
The Simmons catheter, also known as Sidewinder 1, Sim, or SS catheter, is a common reverse-curve angiographic selective access catheter designed for catheterization and subselection of brachiocephalic or visceral arteries, in order to secure access, advance, and exchange devices, or deliver cont...
Article
Microgastria
Microgastria is a rare congenital condition involving an abnormally small stomach. It is typically associated with other congenital conditions such as asplenia, congenital heart disease, skeletal anomalies or tracheoesophageal anomalies.
Epidemiology
Microgastria is an extremely rare anomaly, ...
Article
Superior vena cava stenting
Superior vena cava stenting is an interventional procedure used for the management of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction.
Indication
This procedure is indicated in severe symptomatic SCV obstruction with failure of the medical treatment (e.g. corticosteroids, anticoagulation therapy, diureti...
Article
Mutch classification of greater tuberosity fractures
The Mutch classification is a system used to classify isolated greater tuberosity fractures and has important therapeutic implications. It is considered reliable for isolated greater tuberosity fractures but is less reliable in multi-part proximal humeral fractures 4.
Classification
The Mutch ...
Article
Fat-containing splenic lesions
Fat-containing splenic lesions are rare, and the differential diagnosis is limited.
Differential diagnosis
Neoplastic
splenic hamartoma 1
splenic myelolipoma 2
splenic lipoma
splenic liposarcoma 3
splenic angiomyolipoma
Non-neoplastic
Non-mass and pseudo-lesions may also occasionally co...
Article
Bone reinforcement lines
Bone reinforcement lines or bone bars are linear bands of increased radiodensity that are frequent in the osteopenic skeleton of middle-aged and elderly people and are associated with longstanding osteopenia. These lines represent complete or incomplete, horizontally or obliquely oriented bars c...
Article
Pomeranz MRI classification of Achilles tendon disorders
The Pomeranz MRI classification of Achilles tendon disorders classifies grade 0 as normal tendon, grades IA, IB, and II as abnormal intratendinous signal (tendinopathy), and grade III as complete rupture with retraction.
Classification
grade 0: homogeneous hypointensity (normal) ± peritendinou...
Article
Renal cyst sclerotherapy
Renal cyst sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure performed to treat symptomatic simple renal cysts (i.e. Bosniak I) and is one of the primary methods to treat renal cysts along with surgical cyst de-roofing 1.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of the pr...
Article
Buccal exostosis
Buccal exostoses are a rare form of exostoses. They are broad-based, non-malignant surface growth occurring on the buccal/facial/outer surfaces of the maxilla and/or mandible, found usually in the premolar and molar regions.
Clinical presentation
They often occur as bilateral, smooth bony grow...
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