Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Bell D, Campos A, Sharma R, et al. Reporting and Data Systems (disambiguation). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 23 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-76158
There has been a proliferation of Reporting and Data Systems (RADS), which have been proposed - and in many cases widely adopted - as standardized systems for the reporting of imaging of various body organs, often, but certainly not always, with a focus on oncological disease 2. These systems also help departments introduce structured reporting 4.
Although many RADS have been developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR), most notably BI-RADS, others, for example, COVID-RADS, were developed by other groups 2,17.
In addition, is a coronary artery calcification scoring system, which strangely has been called the CAC-DRS: Coronary Artery Calcium Data and Reporting System, and not CAC-RADS: Coronary Artery Calcium-Reporting and Data System.
Under development
Several RADS are under active development by the American College of Radiology 17:
A standardized system for the reporting of head injury cases is being developed by the American College of Radiology. Specific details of the proposed HI-RADS: Head Injury Imaging Reporting and Data System have not been published as yet 3. A system provisionally named the Traumatic Brain Imaging Reporting and Data System (TBI-RADS) has also been discussed. It is likely that HI-RADS and TBI-RADS are synonymous as the same organizations are involved in both 8.
Several RADS are under active consideration by the American College of Radiology 17:
KI-RADS: Kidney Masses Reporting and Data System 17
MI-RADS: Molecular Imaging Reporting and Data System 17
MSK-RADS (soft tissue): MusculoSKeletal Reporting and Data System (soft tissue lesions) 17
NCAD-RADS: Nuclear Cardiology Reporting and Data System 21
Stroke-RADS: Stroke Reporting and Data System 17
The American College of Radiology invite interested parties to submit proposals for RADS through their website 17.
ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads
History and etymology
In 1993, the American College of Radiology proposed the BI-RADS: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, a standardized lexicon for the reporting of mammography, which was developed on the back of the established 5-tier ACR system. The aim of BI-RADS was to improve distinction between benign and malignant disease, to remove ambiguity from radiology reports, permit automated auditing of data and improve clinical discourse with the referrers 1.
-
1. Rao A, Feneis J, Lalonde C, Ojeda-Fournier H. A Pictorial Review of Changes in the BI-RADS Fifth Edition. Radiographics. 2016;36(3):623-39. doi:10.1148/rg.2016150178 - Pubmed
-
2. An J, Unsdorfer K, Weinreb J. BI-RADS, C-RADS, CAD-RADS, LI-RADS, Lung-RADS, NI-RADS, O-RADS, PI-RADS, TI-RADS: Reporting and Data Systems. Radiographics. 2019;39(5):1435-6. doi:10.1148/rg.2019190087 - Pubmed
-
3. Head Injury Imaging Reporting & Data System. American College of Radiology, 2020. www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/HI-RADS. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/HI-RADS
[retrieved 30 April 2020].
-
4. Goldberg-Stein S, Walter W, Amis E, Scheinfeld M. Implementing a Structured Reporting Initiative Using a Collaborative Multistep Approach. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2017;46(4):295-9. doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2016.12.004 - Pubmed
-
5. Salehi S, Abedi A, Balakrishnan S, Gholamrezanezhad A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Imaging Reporting and Data System (COVID-RADS) and Common Lexicon: A Proposal Based on the Imaging Data of 37 Studies. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(9):4930-42. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06863-0 - Pubmed
-
6. Messiou C, Hillengass J, Delorme S et al. Guidelines for Acquisition, Interpretation, and Reporting of Whole-Body MRI in Myeloma: Myeloma Response Assessment and Diagnosis System (MY-RADS). Radiology. 2019;291(1):5-13. doi:10.1148/radiol.2019181949 - Pubmed
-
7. Padhani A, Lecouvet F, Tunariu N et al. METastasis Reporting and Data System for Prostate Cancer: Practical Guidelines for Acquisition, Interpretation, and Reporting of Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Evaluations of Multiorgan Involvement in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71(1):81-92. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.033 - Pubmed
-
8. Schweitzer A, Niogi S, Whitlow C, Tsiouris A. Traumatic Brain Injury: Imaging Patterns and Complications. Radiographics. 2019;39(6):1571-95. doi:10.1148/rg.2019190076 - Pubmed
-
9. Abedi A, Tofighi S, Salehi S, Latterman P, Basques K, Gholamrezanezhad A. Reason for Exam Imaging Reporting and Data System (RI-RADS): A Grading System to Standardize Radiology Requisitions. Eur J Radiol. 2019;120:108661. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108661 - Pubmed
-
10. American College of Radiology Committee on O-RADS™ (Ovarian and Adnexal)
O-RADS Assessment Categories. Available at https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/O-Rads. [accessed on 25 January 2021].
-
11. Basha M, Metwally M, Gamil S et al. Comparison of O-RADS, GI-RADS, and IOTA Simple Rules Regarding Malignancy Rate, Validity, and Reliability for Diagnosis of Adnexal Masses. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(2):674-84. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07143-7 - Pubmed
-
12. Pecoraro M, Takeuchi M, Vargas H et al. Overview of VI-RADS in Bladder Cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;214(6):1259-68. doi:10.2214/AJR.20.22763 - Pubmed
-
13. Manos D, Seely J, Taylor J, Borgaonkar J, Roberts H, Mayo J. The Lung Reporting and Data System (LU-RADS): A Proposal for Computed Tomography Screening. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2014;65(2):121-34. doi:10.1016/j.carj.2014.03.004 - Pubmed
-
14. Sánchez M, Benegas M, Vollmer I. Management of Incidental Lung Nodules <8 Mm in Diameter. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(Suppl 22):S2611-27. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.05.86 - Pubmed
-
15. Wildman-Tobriner B, Buda M, Hoang J et al. Using Artificial Intelligence to Revise ACR TI-RADS Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules: Diagnostic Accuracy and Utility. Radiology. 2019;292(1):112-9. doi:10.1148/radiol.2019182128 - Pubmed
-
16. Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201473 - Pubmed
-
17. Reporting and Data Systems (RADS). American College of Radiology, 2022. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems [accessed on 28 April 2022]. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems
-
18. Weinberg B, Gore A, Shu H et al. Management-Based Structured Reporting of Posttreatment Glioma Response With the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15(5):767-71. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2018.01.022 - Pubmed
-
19. Chang C, Garner H, Ahlawat S et al. Society of Skeletal Radiology- White Paper. Guidelines for the Diagnostic Management of Incidental Solitary Bone Lesions on CT and MRI in Adults: Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS). Skeletal Radiol. 2022;51(9):1743-64. doi:10.1007/s00256-022-04022-8 - Pubmed
-
20. Chhabra A, Deshmukh S, Lutz A et al. Neuropathy Score Reporting and Data System: A Reporting Guideline for MRI of Peripheral Neuropathy With a Multicenter Validation Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2022. doi:10.2214/AJR.22.27422 - Pubmed
-
21. Assadi M, Velez E, Najafi M, Gholamrezanezhad A. The Need for Standardization of Nuclear Cardiology Reporting and Data System (NCAD-RADS): Learning from Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Breast Imaging (BI), Liver Imaging (LI), and Prostate Imaging (PI) RADS. J Nucl Cardiol. 2019;26(2):660-5. doi:10.1007/s12350-018-01473-2 - Pubmed
-
22. Ribeiro G, Gillet R, Hossu G et al. Solitary Bone Tumor Imaging Reporting and Data System (BTI-RADS): Initial Assessment of a Systematic Imaging Evaluation and Comprehensive Reporting Method. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(10):7637-52. doi:10.1007/s00330-021-07745-9 - Pubmed
-
23. Chhabra A, Gupta A, Thakur U et al. Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System-Multireader Validation Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2021;45(4):571-85. doi:10.1097/RCT.0000000000001184 - Pubmed
Promoted articles (advertising)
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.