Brain herniation, also referred to as acquired intracranial herniation, refers to the shift of brain tissue from its normal location, into an adjacent space as a result of mass effect. It is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis.
Pathology
Several different patterns of brain herniation describe the type of herniation occurring:
transalar herniation: ascending and descending
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downward: uncal herniation and central herniation
herniation into dural venous sinuses, brain herniation into arachnoid granulation (BHAG)
Aetiology
Any intracranial mass can have this effect:
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cerebral swelling
peritumoural or periabscess oedema
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tumours