Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Baba Y, Sharma R, Knipe H, et al. Embolization agents. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 17 Mar 2025) https://radiopaedia.org/articles/171250
Embolization agents are materials and substances used during embolization procedures to block blood flow, stop and prevent bleeding, devascularize organs, or occlude pathways.
Types
Temporary embolization agents
Permanent embolization agents
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microparticles
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coils
pushable
injectable
detachable
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liquid agents
cyanoacrylate glue, e.g. Glubran, Glubran 2, Magic Glue 8
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copolymers
EVOH copolymer, e.g. Onyx, Squid, Menox 8
PHIL (precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid) 8
absolute alcohol
sodium tetradecyl sulfate
algel
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devices
subcutaneous tissue 7
History and etymology
The first embolization agent used was an autologous blood clot in 1974 6.
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1. Cantasdemir M, Gulsen F, Solak S, Numan F. Posttraumatic High-Flow Priapism in Children Treated with Autologous Blood Clot Embolization: Long-Term Results and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Radiol. 2011;41(5):627-32. doi:10.1007/s00247-010-1912-3 - Pubmed
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2. Calton R, Mathew A, Mathew C, Pawar B, Mammen K. Gel Foam Renal Artery Embolization for Life-Threatening Renal Haemorrhage. J Assoc Physicians India. 2015;63(4):27-9. - Pubmed
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3. Sommer C, Do T, Schlett C et al. In vivo Characterization of a New Type of Biodegradable Starch Microsphere for Transarterial Embolization. J Biomater Appl. 2018;32(7):932-44. doi:10.1177/0885328217746674 - Pubmed
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4. Yin J, Wang X, Sun X et al. Thrombin Based Photothermal-Responsive Nanoplatform for Tumor-Specific Embolization Therapy. Small. 2021;17(52):e2105033. doi:10.1002/smll.202105033 - Pubmed
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5. Girardo M, Zenga F, Bruno L et al. Treatment of Aggressive Vertebral Hemangiomas with Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) Microparticles Embolization, PMMA, and Short Segment Stabilization: Preliminary Results with at Least 5 Years of Follow-Up. World Neurosurg. 2019;128:e283-8. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.04.138 - Pubmed
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6. White R, Giargiana F, Bell W. Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer Control. Selective Arterial Embolization with Autologous Blood Clot. JAMA. 1974;229(5):546-8. doi:10.1001/jama.229.5.546 - Pubmed
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7. White R, Giargiana F, Bell W. Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer Control. Selective Arterial Embolization with Autologous Blood Clot. JAMA. 1974;229(5):546-8. doi:10.1001/jama.229.5.546 - Pubmed
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8. Vollherbst D, Chapot R, Bendszus M, Möhlenbruch M. Glue, Onyx, Squid or PHIL? Liquid Embolic Agents for the Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas. Clin Neuroradiol. 2022;32(1):25-38. doi:10.1007/s00062-021-01066-6 - Pubmed
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