Forme fruste
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, Bell D, Murphy A, et al. Forme fruste. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 21 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-13997
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rID:
13997
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Daniel J Bell had no recorded disclosures.
View Daniel J Bell's current disclosures
Revisions:
8 times, by
6 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Tags:
Synonyms:
- Formes frustes
Forme fruste (rare plural: formes frustes) is a term which refers to the incomplete phenotypic expression of a condition, such that it does not meet the usual diagnostic criteria.
For example, an individual with imaging features consistent with tuberous sclerosis, but without skin lesions, seizures or intellectual disability would be said to have a forme fruste of the condition. The term is vague as, by definition, it has no clear diagnostic criteria 1,2.
History and etymology
The term is French, meaning "defaced form" 3.
References
- 1. Kwiatkowski DJ, Whittemore VH, Thiele EA. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Genes, Clinical Features and Therapeutics. Wiley-VCH. (2010) ISBN:3527322019. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 2. Wyllie E, Gupta A, Lachhwani DK. The treatment of epilepsy, principles & practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2006) ISBN:0781749956. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 3. William Alexander Newman Dorland. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. (2018) ISBN: 9781416023647
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