Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, Veiga M, Jones J, et al. Olfactory neuroblastoma (staging). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 21 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-9343
Olfactory neuroblastomas (or esthesioneuroblastomas) are most frequently staged using a system proposed by Kadish et al. in 1976 1.
-
group a: limited to the nasal cavity
-
group b: limited to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
-
group c: extends beyond the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses:
- base of skull
- intracranial compartment
- orbit
- distant metastatic disease
An additional group d has been proposed by Chao et al. in 2001 3.
-
group d: cervical nodal metastases
Orbital invasion can also be classified according to the Iannetti classification.
-
1. Kadish S, Goodman M, Wang CC. Olfactory neuroblastoma. A clinical analysis of 17 cases. Cancer. 1976;37 (3): 1571-6. Pubmed citation
-
2. Zollinger LV, Wiggins RH, Cornelius RS et-al. Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from esthesioneuroblastoma: a review of the therapeutic and prognostic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29 (8): 1561-3. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1114 - Pubmed citation
-
3. Chao KS, Kaplan C, Simpson JR et-al. Esthesioneuroblastoma: the impact of treatment modality. Head Neck. 2001;23 (9): 749-57. Pubmed citation
Promoted articles (advertising)
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.