Lying down adrenal sign
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Manchikanti Venkatesh had no recorded disclosures.
View Manchikanti Venkatesh's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Arlene Campos had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Arlene Campos's current disclosures- Flat adrenal sign
- Pancake adrenal
- Pancake adrenal gland
- Pancake adrenal sign
- Flattened adrenal sign
- Discoid adrenal
- Straight adrenal
The lying down adrenal sign is a cross-sectional imaging sign of renal agenesis or ectopia in which the ipsilateral adrenal gland appears to be 'lying down' on the psoas muscle posteriorly. Due to the linear as opposed to Y-shaped configuration of the gland in such situations, it is also described as the discoid 1, straight 2, elongated 2, or pancake adrenal gland 3,4.
It can be a useful sign to confirm renal agenesis when the kidney is not visualised during antenatal ultrasound 5,6, as well as during postnatal imaging of patients to distinguish from post-nephrectomy state.
References
- 1. Sargar KM, Khanna G, Hulett Bowling R. Imaging of Nonmalignant Adrenal Lesions in Children. (2017) Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 37 (6): 1648-1664. doi:10.1148/rg.2017170043 - Pubmed
- 2. Kawashima A, Sandler C, Fishman E et al. Spectrum of CT Findings in Nonmalignant Disease of the Adrenal Gland. Radiographics. 1998;18(2):393-412. doi:10.1148/radiographics.18.2.9536486 - Pubmed
- 3. Virginia B. Planz, Raymond B. Dyer. The “pancake” adrenal. (2015) Abdominal Imaging. 40 (6): 2041. doi:10.1007/s00261-014-0287-6 - Pubmed
- 4. Dyer R, Chen M, Zagoria R. Classic Signs in Uroradiology. Radiographics. 2004;24 Suppl 1(suppl_1):S247-80. doi:10.1148/rg.24si045509 - Pubmed
- 5. Hoffman CK, Filly RA, Callen PW. The "lying down" adrenal sign: a sonographic indicator of renal agenesis or ectopia in fetuses and neonates. J Ultrasound Med. 1992;11 (10): 533-6. J Ultrasound Med (abstract) - Pubmed citation
- 6. Majmudar A, Cohen HL. "Lying-Down" Adrenal Sign: There Are Exceptions to the Rule Among Fetuses and Neonates. (2017) Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 36 (12): 2599-2603. doi:10.1002/jum.14315 - Pubmed
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