Primary cardiac tumors
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Primary cardiac tumours are uncommon, and comprise only a small minority of all tumour that involve the heart: most are mediastinal or lung tumours which extend through the pericardium and into the heart, or metastases 1.
Epidemiology
Primary cardiac tumours have an estimated autopsy prevalence of 0.001-0.03% 2.
Pathology
Primary cardiac tumours can then be divided into:
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benign cardiac tumours: 60-75% 1,4
- cardiac myxoma: most common in adults
- cardiac lipoma(≈10% 4, second most common in adults 6)
- cardiac rhabdomyoma: most common in children
- papillary fibroelastoma
- cardiac fibroma
- cardiac haemangioma
- pericardial teratoma (can rapidly grow despite being benign) 7-8
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malignant cardiac tumours
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sarcomas account for 25% of all cardiac tumours 2,6
- cardiac angiosarcoma: most common malignant primary cardiac tumour 3,9
- undifferentied sarcoma of the heart
- cardiac leiomyosarcoma
- cardiac fibrosarcoma
- cardiac liposarcoma
- primary cardiac osteosarcoma: 3-9% of primary cardiac malignant tumours 9
- malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of heart
- cardiac haemangiopericytoma
- primary cardiac lymphoma
- pericardial mesothelioma
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sarcomas account for 25% of all cardiac tumours 2,6
-<a href="/articles/cardiac-lipoma">cardiac lipoma </a>(≈10% <sup>4</sup>, second most common in adults <sup>6</sup>)</li>- +<a href="/articles/cardiac-lipoma">cardiac lipoma </a>(≈10% <sup>4</sup>, second most common in adults <sup>6</sup>)</li>
-<a href="/articles/pericardial-teratoma">pericardial teratoma </a>(can rapidly grow despite being benign)<sup> 7-8 </sup><ul><li><a href="/articles/fetal-pericardial-teratoma">fetal pericardial teratoma</a></li></ul>- +<a href="/articles/pericardial-teratoma">pericardial teratoma </a>(can rapidly grow despite being benign)<sup> 7-8 </sup><ul><li><a href="/articles/fetal-pericardial-teratoma">fetal pericardial teratoma</a></li></ul>
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Image 4 MRI (T2) ( create )
