Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Bell D, Campos A, Sharma R, et al. Reporting and Data Systems (disambiguation). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 21 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-76158
There has been a proliferation of Reporting and Data Systems (RADS), which have been proposed - and in many cases widely adopted - as standardized systems for the reporting of imaging of various body organs, often, but certainly not always, with a focus on oncological disease 2. These systems also help departments introduce structured reporting 4.
Although many RADS have been developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR), most notably BI-RADS, others, for example, COVID-RADS, were developed by other groups 2,17.
In addition, is a coronary artery calcification scoring system, which strangely has been called the CAC-DRS: Coronary Artery Calcium Data and Reporting System, and not CAC-RADS: Coronary Artery Calcium-Reporting and Data System.
Under development
Several RADS are under active development by the American College of Radiology 17:
A standardized system for the reporting of head injury cases is being developed by the American College of Radiology. Specific details of the proposed HI-RADS: Head Injury Imaging Reporting and Data System have not been published as yet 3. A system provisionally named the Traumatic Brain Imaging Reporting and Data System (TBI-RADS) has also been discussed. It is likely that HI-RADS and TBI-RADS are synonymous as the same organizations are involved in both 8.
Several RADS are under active consideration by the American College of Radiology 17:
KI-RADS: Kidney Masses Reporting and Data System 17
MI-RADS: Molecular Imaging Reporting and Data System 17
MSK-RADS (soft tissue): MusculoSKeletal Reporting and Data System (soft tissue lesions) 17
NCAD-RADS: Nuclear Cardiology Reporting and Data System 21
Stroke-RADS: Stroke Reporting and Data System 17
The American College of Radiology invite interested parties to submit proposals for RADS through their website 17.
History and etymology
In 1993, the American College of Radiology proposed the BI-RADS: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, a standardized lexicon for the reporting of mammography, which was developed on the back of the established 5-tier ACR system. The aim of BI-RADS was to improve distinction between benign and malignant disease, to remove ambiguity from radiology reports, permit automated auditing of data and improve clinical discourse with the referrers 1.
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1. Rao A, Feneis J, Lalonde C, Ojeda-Fournier H. A Pictorial Review of Changes in the BI-RADS Fifth Edition. Radiographics. 2016;36(3):623-39. doi:10.1148/rg.2016150178 - Pubmed
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2. An J, Unsdorfer K, Weinreb J. BI-RADS, C-RADS, CAD-RADS, LI-RADS, Lung-RADS, NI-RADS, O-RADS, PI-RADS, TI-RADS: Reporting and Data Systems. Radiographics. 2019;39(5):1435-6. doi:10.1148/rg.2019190087 - Pubmed
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3. Head Injury Imaging Reporting & Data System. American College of Radiology, 2020. www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/HI-RADS. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/HI-RADS
[retrieved 30 April 2020].
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4. Goldberg-Stein S, Walter W, Amis E, Scheinfeld M. Implementing a Structured Reporting Initiative Using a Collaborative Multistep Approach. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2017;46(4):295-9. doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2016.12.004 - Pubmed
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5. Salehi S, Abedi A, Balakrishnan S, Gholamrezanezhad A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Imaging Reporting and Data System (COVID-RADS) and Common Lexicon: A Proposal Based on the Imaging Data of 37 Studies. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(9):4930-42. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06863-0 - Pubmed
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6. Messiou C, Hillengass J, Delorme S et al. Guidelines for Acquisition, Interpretation, and Reporting of Whole-Body MRI in Myeloma: Myeloma Response Assessment and Diagnosis System (MY-RADS). Radiology. 2019;291(1):5-13. doi:10.1148/radiol.2019181949 - Pubmed
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7. Padhani A, Lecouvet F, Tunariu N et al. METastasis Reporting and Data System for Prostate Cancer: Practical Guidelines for Acquisition, Interpretation, and Reporting of Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Evaluations of Multiorgan Involvement in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71(1):81-92. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.033 - Pubmed
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8. Schweitzer A, Niogi S, Whitlow C, Tsiouris A. Traumatic Brain Injury: Imaging Patterns and Complications. Radiographics. 2019;39(6):1571-95. doi:10.1148/rg.2019190076 - Pubmed
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9. Abedi A, Tofighi S, Salehi S, Latterman P, Basques K, Gholamrezanezhad A. Reason for Exam Imaging Reporting and Data System (RI-RADS): A Grading System to Standardize Radiology Requisitions. Eur J Radiol. 2019;120:108661. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108661 - Pubmed
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10. American College of Radiology Committee on O-RADS™ (Ovarian and Adnexal)
O-RADS Assessment Categories. Available at https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/O-Rads. [accessed on 25 January 2021].
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11. Basha M, Metwally M, Gamil S et al. Comparison of O-RADS, GI-RADS, and IOTA Simple Rules Regarding Malignancy Rate, Validity, and Reliability for Diagnosis of Adnexal Masses. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(2):674-84. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07143-7 - Pubmed
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12. Pecoraro M, Takeuchi M, Vargas H et al. Overview of VI-RADS in Bladder Cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;214(6):1259-68. doi:10.2214/AJR.20.22763 - Pubmed
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13. Manos D, Seely J, Taylor J, Borgaonkar J, Roberts H, Mayo J. The Lung Reporting and Data System (LU-RADS): A Proposal for Computed Tomography Screening. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2014;65(2):121-34. doi:10.1016/j.carj.2014.03.004 - Pubmed
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14. Sánchez M, Benegas M, Vollmer I. Management of Incidental Lung Nodules <8 Mm in Diameter. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(Suppl 22):S2611-27. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.05.86 - Pubmed
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15. Wildman-Tobriner B, Buda M, Hoang J et al. Using Artificial Intelligence to Revise ACR TI-RADS Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules: Diagnostic Accuracy and Utility. Radiology. 2019;292(1):112-9. doi:10.1148/radiol.2019182128 - Pubmed
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16. Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T et al. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201473 - Pubmed
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17. Reporting and Data Systems (RADS). American College of Radiology, 2022. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems [accessed on 28 April 2022]. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems
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18. Weinberg B, Gore A, Shu H et al. Management-Based Structured Reporting of Posttreatment Glioma Response With the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15(5):767-71. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2018.01.022 - Pubmed
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19. Chang C, Garner H, Ahlawat S et al. Society of Skeletal Radiology- White Paper. Guidelines for the Diagnostic Management of Incidental Solitary Bone Lesions on CT and MRI in Adults: Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS). Skeletal Radiol. 2022;51(9):1743-64. doi:10.1007/s00256-022-04022-8 - Pubmed
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20. Chhabra A, Deshmukh S, Lutz A et al. Neuropathy Score Reporting and Data System: A Reporting Guideline for MRI of Peripheral Neuropathy With a Multicenter Validation Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2022. doi:10.2214/AJR.22.27422 - Pubmed
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21. Assadi M, Velez E, Najafi M, Gholamrezanezhad A. The Need for Standardization of Nuclear Cardiology Reporting and Data System (NCAD-RADS): Learning from Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Breast Imaging (BI), Liver Imaging (LI), and Prostate Imaging (PI) RADS. J Nucl Cardiol. 2019;26(2):660-5. doi:10.1007/s12350-018-01473-2 - Pubmed
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22. Ribeiro G, Gillet R, Hossu G et al. Solitary Bone Tumor Imaging Reporting and Data System (BTI-RADS): Initial Assessment of a Systematic Imaging Evaluation and Comprehensive Reporting Method. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(10):7637-52. doi:10.1007/s00330-021-07745-9 - Pubmed
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23. Chhabra A, Gupta A, Thakur U et al. Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System-Multireader Validation Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2021;45(4):571-85. doi:10.1097/RCT.0000000000001184 - Pubmed
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