Tc-99m pertechnetate

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Tc-99m pertechnetate (Na+ 99mTc O4-) is one of the technetium radiopharmaceuticals used in imaging of thyroid, colon, bladder and stomach.

Technetium (99mTc) has eight oxidation states 6, from -1 to +7; specifically, the oxidation state of technetium in the pertechnetate anion (99mTcO4-) is +7. The pertechnetate anion is, among the chemical species of technetium, the most stable in aqueous solution 6,7. 

Characteristics

  • photon energy: 140 keV

  • protons: 43 (i.e. atomic number)

  • physical half-life: 6 hours

  • biological half-life: ~ 1 day

  • 4.0 < pH < 8.0 6,7

  • radiochemical purity: > 95%

  • molecular geometry (pertechnetate anion): tetrahedral 6,7

  • normal distribution: stomach, thyroid, salivary glands, (testes)

  • excretion: renal, GI

  • target organs: thyroid, colon, bladder, stomach, testicular (rarely performed)

  • compounding of technetium radiopharmaceuticals using technetium pertechnetate may be done under room temperature or heating 9

    •

Uses, doses and timings

Paediatric doses have been derived from various sources, a true international consensus remains work in progress.

  • Meckel diverticulum

    • adult dose: 370 MBq (10 mCi) IV

    • paediatric dose: 1.85 MBq/kg (0.05 mCi/kg) 5

      • minimum 9.25 MBq (0.25 mCi) 5

    • time of imaging: immediate (1 frame/s x 60 s then q 5-10 min x 1 hr)

  • parathyroid subtraction

    • adult dose:  37-74 MBq (1-2 mCi) IV

    • time of imaging: image for 15 minutes after Tl-201 injection and imaging

  • testicular

    • adult dose: 370 MBq (10 mCi) IV

    • paediatric dose: pending mCi/kg

      • minimum 185 MBq (5 mCi) 3

    • time of imaging: 60-second flow study with delayed static images

  • thyroid

    • adult dose: 37-370 MBq (1-10 mCi) IV

      • usually 111-185 MBq (3-5 mCi)

    • time of imaging: 20 minutes

History and etymology

Technetium was discovered in 1937 by C. Perrier and Emilio Segre at Palermo University. They managed to isolate technetium-97 from a sample of molybdenum irradiated with deuterons in the cyclotron of the University of Berkeley 8.

See also

  • -<p><strong>Tc-99m pertechnetate</strong> (Na<sup>+ 99m</sup>Tc O<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) is one of the <a href="/articles/technetium-99m-agents">technetium radiopharmaceuticals</a> used in imaging of thyroid, colon, bladder and stomach.</p><p>Technetium (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) has eight oxidation states <sup>6</sup>, from -1 to +7; specifically, the oxidation state of technetium in the pertechnetate anion (<sup>99m</sup>TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) is +7. The pertechnetate anion is, among the chemical species of technetium, the most stable in aqueous solution <sup>6,7</sup>. </p><p> </p><h4>Characteristics</h4><ul>
  • -<li>photon energy: 140 keV</li>
  • -<li>protons: 43 (i.e. atomic number)</li>
  • -<li>physical half-life: 6 hours</li>
  • -<li>biological half-life: ~ 1 day</li>
  • -<li>4.0 &lt; pH &lt; 8.0<sup> 6,7</sup>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>radiochemical purity: &gt; 95%</li>
  • -<li>molecular geometry (pertechnetate anion): tetrahedral <sup>6,7</sup>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>normal distribution: stomach, thyroid, salivary glands, (testes)</li>
  • -<li>excretion: renal, GI</li>
  • -<li>target organs: thyroid, colon, bladder, stomach, testicular (rarely performed)</li>
  • -</ul><h4>Uses, doses and timings</h4><p>Paediatric doses have been derived from various sources, a true international consensus remains work in progress.</p><ul>
  • -<li>
  • -<a href="/articles/meckel-diverticulum-3">Meckel diverticulum</a><ul>
  • -<li>adult dose: 370 MBq (10 mCi) IV</li>
  • -<li>paediatric dose: 1.85 MBq/kg (0.05 mCi/kg) <sup>5</sup><ul><li>minimum 9.25 MBq (0.25 mCi) <sup>5</sup>
  • -</li></ul>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>time of imaging: immediate (1 frame/s x 60 s then q 5-10 min x 1 hr)</li>
  • -</ul>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>
  • -<a href="/articles/tc-99m-sestamibi">parathyroid subtraction</a><ul>
  • -<li>adult dose:  37-74 MBq (1-2 mCi) IV</li>
  • -<li>time of imaging: image for 15 minutes after Tl-201 injection and imaging</li>
  • -</ul>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>
  • -<a href="/articles/scrotal-scintigraphy">testicular</a><ul>
  • -<li>adult dose: 370 MBq (10 mCi) IV</li>
  • -<li>paediatric dose: <em>pending</em> mCi/kg<ul><li>minimum 185 MBq (5 mCi) <sup>3</sup>
  • -</li></ul>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>time of imaging: 60-second flow study with delayed static images</li>
  • -</ul>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>
  • -<a href="/articles/thyroid-scintigraphy-tc-99m">thyroid</a><ul>
  • -<li>adult dose: 37-370 MBq (1-10 mCi) IV<ul><li>usually 111-185 MBq (3-5 mCi)</li></ul>
  • -</li>
  • -<li>time of imaging: 20 minutes</li>
  • -</ul>
  • -</li>
  • -</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>Technetium was discovered in 1937 by <strong>C. Perrier</strong> and <strong>Emilio Segre</strong> at Palermo University. They managed to isolate technetium-97 from a sample of molybdenum irradiated with deuterons in the cyclotron of the University of Berkeley <sup>8</sup>.</p><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/thyroid-scintigraphy-tc-99m">Thyroid scan (Tc-99m)</a></li></ul>
  • +<p><strong>Tc-99m pertechnetate</strong> (Na<sup>+ 99m</sup>Tc O<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) is one of the <a href="/articles/technetium-99m-agents">technetium radiopharmaceuticals</a> used in imaging of thyroid, colon, bladder and stomach.</p><p>Technetium (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) has eight oxidation states <sup>6</sup>, from -1 to +7; specifically, the oxidation state of technetium in the pertechnetate anion (<sup>99m</sup>TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) is +7. The pertechnetate anion is, among the chemical species of technetium, the most stable in aqueous solution <sup>6,7</sup>. </p><p> </p><h4>Characteristics</h4><ul>
  • +<li><p>photon energy: 140 keV</p></li>
  • +<li><p>protons: 43 (i.e. atomic number)</p></li>
  • +<li><p>physical half-life: 6 hours</p></li>
  • +<li><p>biological half-life: ~ 1 day</p></li>
  • +<li><p>4.0 &lt; pH &lt; 8.0<sup> 6,7</sup></p></li>
  • +<li><p>radiochemical purity: &gt; 95%</p></li>
  • +<li><p>molecular geometry (pertechnetate anion): tetrahedral <sup>6,7</sup></p></li>
  • +<li><p>normal distribution: stomach, thyroid, salivary glands, (testes)</p></li>
  • +<li><p>excretion: renal, GI</p></li>
  • +<li><p>target organs: thyroid, colon, bladder, stomach, testicular (rarely performed)</p></li>
  • +<li><p>compounding of technetium radiopharmaceuticals using technetium pertechnetate may be done under room temperature or heating <sup>9</sup></p></li>
  • +</ul><h4>Uses, doses and timings</h4><p>Paediatric doses have been derived from various sources, a true international consensus remains work in progress.</p><ul>
  • +<li>
  • +<p><a href="/articles/meckel-diverticulum-3">Meckel diverticulum</a></p>
  • +<ul>
  • +<li><p>adult dose: 370 MBq (10 mCi) IV</p></li>
  • +<li>
  • +<p>paediatric dose: 1.85 MBq/kg (0.05 mCi/kg) <sup>5</sup></p>
  • +<ul><li><p>minimum 9.25 MBq (0.25 mCi) <sup>5</sup></p></li></ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li><p>time of imaging: immediate (1 frame/s x 60 s then q 5-10 min x 1 hr)</p></li>
  • +</ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>
  • +<p><a href="/articles/tc-99m-sestamibi">parathyroid subtraction</a></p>
  • +<ul>
  • +<li><p>adult dose:  37-74 MBq (1-2 mCi) IV</p></li>
  • +<li><p>time of imaging: image for 15 minutes after Tl-201 injection and imaging</p></li>
  • +</ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>
  • +<p><a href="/articles/scrotal-scintigraphy">testicular</a></p>
  • +<ul>
  • +<li><p>adult dose: 370 MBq (10 mCi) IV</p></li>
  • +<li>
  • +<p>paediatric dose: <em>pending</em> mCi/kg</p>
  • +<ul><li><p>minimum 185 MBq (5 mCi) <sup>3</sup></p></li></ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li><p>time of imaging: 60-second flow study with delayed static images</p></li>
  • +</ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li>
  • +<p><a href="/articles/thyroid-scintigraphy-tc-99m">thyroid</a></p>
  • +<ul>
  • +<li>
  • +<p>adult dose: 37-370 MBq (1-10 mCi) IV</p>
  • +<ul><li><p>usually 111-185 MBq (3-5 mCi)</p></li></ul>
  • +</li>
  • +<li><p>time of imaging: 20 minutes</p></li>
  • +</ul>
  • +</li>
  • +</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>Technetium was discovered in 1937 by <strong>C. Perrier</strong> and <strong>Emilio Segre</strong> at Palermo University. They managed to isolate technetium-97 from a sample of molybdenum irradiated with deuterons in the cyclotron of the University of Berkeley <sup>8</sup>.</p><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><p><a href="/articles/thyroid-scintigraphy-tc-99m">Thyroid scan (Tc-99m)</a></p></li></ul>

References changed:

  • 9. Technical reports series, No 466. Technetium-99m Radiopharmaceuticals: Manufacture of Kits. 2008. ISBN: 978-92-0-100408-6. <a href="https://www.iaea.org/publications/7867/technetium-99m-radiopharmaceuticals-manufacture-of-kits">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>
  • 9. Technical reports series, No 466. Technetium-99m Radiopharmaceuticals: Manufacture of Kits. 2008. ISBN: 978-92-0-100408-6. <a href="https://www.iaea.org/publications/7867/technetium-99m-radiopharmaceuticals-manufacture-of-kits">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>
  • Technical reports series, No 466. Technetium-99m Radiopharmaceuticals: Manufacture of Kits. 2008. ISBN: 978-92-0-100408-6. <a href="https://www.iaea.org/publications/7867/technetium-99m-radiopharmaceuticals-manufacture-of-kits">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>

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