Terminal ileum, caecum and ascending colon inflammatory process in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia on chemotherapy is highly suggestive of neutropenic enterocolitis, a necrotising inflammatory condition which typically originates in the caecum and, often extends into the ascending colon, appendix or terminal ileum, in an immunocompromised, usually neutropenic patient.

Barium studies and colonoscopy carry a significant risk of perforation and should be avoided.