Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) are a heterogeneous collection of conditions that share arteriovenous shunts from dural vessels. They present variably with haemorrhage or venous hypertension, and can be challenging to treat.

Typically, they are supplied by multiple feeders from arteries that supply the relevant part of the meninges and regional scalp vessels that often give transosseous branches:

• supratentorial and lateral: (external carotid artery)
  • middle meningeal artery
  • superficial temporal artery (transosseous branches)
• anterior cranial fossa: (internal carotid artery)
  • ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery
• cavernous sinus: (internal and external carotid arteries)
  • meningohypophyseal trunk and inferolateral trunk
  • accessory meningeal artery
• posterior cranial fossa: (vertebral and external carotid arteries)
  • vertebral arteries (both dural and muscular branches)
  • occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries