When a patient with a history of transitional cell tumor and ileal neobladder presents with hematuria, it is important to know that there are complications of hematuria in the short and long term.

Factors to take into account we must know that:

• the risk of forming new stones at five years is ~65%
• the time of appearance of the stones is variable and can range from 6 months to several years later

Pathogenesis and etiology includes:

1. Main factor: urinary stasis.
2. The continuous secretory and absorptive function of the ileum and colon that contributes to the origin of lithiasis formation.
3. Metabolic acidosis: loss of bicarbonate and reabsorption of urine solutes.