Presentation
Post-lithotripsy desaturation and tachycardia.
Patient Data
Patent and well opacified pulmonary trunk and main pulmonary arteries. Lobar arteries as well as their segmental branches are also patent and well opacified. Incidental finding of a small pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) in the lingula. Heart is not enlarged. No pleural/pericardial effusion, pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum is noted. Multiple small sub centimetre mediastinal and bilateral axillary lymph nodes are seen. Mild degenerative changes are seen in the dorsal spine.
Case Discussion
Incidental finding of a small pulmonary arteriovenous malformation which is of simple type (single feeding artery with a single draining vein). The feeding artery measures 2.5 mm in diameter. The patient has no clinical features of paradoxical embolism.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is an abnormal direct capillary free communication between the pulmonary arteries and veins which results in a right-to-left extra-cardiac intrapulmonary shunt. They are most commonly seen in association with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and sporadic cases are uncommon 1.
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