What are some of the other causes of an achalasia pattern? (i.e. pseudoachalasia)
Central and peripheral neuropathy, scleroderma, oesophageal malignancy, and oesophageal stricture.
Upper GI study reveals uniform dilatation of the oesophagus to the level of the gastro-oesophageal junction, where fixed narrowing is noted (bird beak sign or rat-tail sign). Repeated observation by fluoroscopy confirmed failure of relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter and prolonged retention of barium in the oesophagus.