Pilocytic astrocytomas are one of the main causes of death in children as they are the most common central nervous system tumor in these age groups.

Approximately half of all cases of pilocytic astrocytomas occur in the cerebellum and the other half in the entire central nervous system Those in the optic pathway are most frequently seen in the setting of NF1.

This patient had a biospy/resection and the diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma was confirmed histologically.

The 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors reflects the discovery of genetic alterations that underlie many central nervous system neoplasms, including pilocytic astrocytoma. Unfortunately, resources are not readily available in all countries, and therefore it is not possible to obtain certainty molecular diagnoses in all cases.