Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma is a rare, slow-growing malignancy of the smooth muscle cells of the inferior vena cava 1.
The majority of cases occur in women 2. Many patients present with abdominal pain 4. A minority, as in this case, presents with (or have a history of) lower limb deep venous thrombosis 4.
Metastatic disease is present in up to 50% of cases at presentation, usually involving the liver, followed by the lung 3,4.
Treatment is typically via surgical resection 4. Prognosis is poor however, with recurrence affecting roughly 50% of patients 4. The 5-year survival is 33% 4. The disease in this case is inoperable, and the patient was offered chemotherapy.