Renovascular hypertension among children may be caused by fibromuscular dysplasia (most common), neurofibromatosis type I, vasculitis, extrinsic compression, and trauma. It accounts for 5-10% of childhood hypertension.

Doppler US has relatively low sensitivity for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Both MR and CT angiography may be done, but CT angiography allows for superior image resolution.