Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,903 results found
Article
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastomas are the most common intraocular neoplasm found in childhood and with modern treatment modalities, are, in most cases, curable.
On imaging, they are generally characterised by a heterogeneous retinal mass with calcifications, necrotic components and increased vascularisation on D...
Article
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours (RGNTs) are rare, usually midline, tumours that involve the fourth ventricle and/or aqueduct of Sylvius.
Although relatively well-circumscribed on MRI and clinically indolent, they often invade surrounding tissues, involving the cerebellum, pons and even th...
Article
Eosinophilic endocarditis
Eosinophilic endocarditis, also known as Löffler (Loeffler) endocarditis, is one of the cardiac manifestations of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. It is also considered a form of cardiomyopathy.
Epidemiology
There is limited information on the incidence of eosinophilic endocarditis. The ...
Article
Spinal cord stimulator
Spinal cord stimulators, also known as dorsal column stimulators, are surgically placed devices intended to provide symptom relief in individuals with chronic neurological pain (e.g. failed back syndrome, brachial plexopathy, complex regional pain syndrome).
However, their use remains controver...
Article
Lobar intracerebral haemorrhage
Lobar intracerebral haemorrhage is a subtype of intracerebral haemorrhage defined by their location in the peripheral cerebral hemispheres. Compared to deep intracerebral haemorrhages (involving the deep grey nuclei or brainstem), lobar haemorrhages are less likely to be related to hypertension ...
Article
Pubic diastasis
A separation of the pubic symphysis without concomitant fracture constitutes pubic diastasis.
Excessive lateral or anterior movement can be seen secondary to pubic diastasis and this can further lead to pubic symphysis dysfunction.
Clinical presentation
pain
swelling
patient’s legs will inv...
Article
Bone island
Bone islands, previously known as enostoses, are common benign sclerotic bone lesions that usually represent an incidental finding. When occurring in the head they are called osteomas. Bone islands are considered one of the skeletal “don’t touch” lesions.
Terminology
Enostosis is not a recomme...
Article
Ductus diverticulum
Aortic ductus diverticulum is a developmental outpouching of the thoracic aorta which may be mistaken for an acute aortic injury.
Gross anatomy
It is usually seen at the anteromedial aspect of the aorta at the site of the aortic isthmus, where the ligamentum arteriosum attaches. It is also the...
Article
Missed miscarriage
A missed miscarriage, sometimes termed a missed abortion 3, is a situation when there is a non-viable fetus within the uterus, without symptoms of a miscarriage.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Ultrasound diagnosis of miscarriage should only be considered when either a mean gestation sac d...
Article
Postpartum haemorrhage risk factors (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the basic risk factors of postpartum haemorrhage is:
PARTUM
Mnemonic
P: prolonged labour / polyhydramnios / previous C-section
A: APH
R: recent Hx of bleeding
T: twins
U: uterine fibrosis
M: multiparity
Article
Trigeminal radiofrequency ablation
Trigeminal radiofrequency ablation, also known as trigeminal radiofrequency rhizotomy, is a percutaneous interventional procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia. It is the most popular technique for trigeminal ablation.
Indications
trigeminal neuralgia resistant to traditional medical trea...
Article
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Epidemiology
Associations
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is sometimes associated with immunodeficiency, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Pathology
Classification
In the 2016 WHO classifica...
Article
Isthmus (disambiguation)
Isthmus (plural: isthmi) is an anatomical term and refers to a slender structure joining two larger components. Some of these uses of the word isthmus are now rarely used or only seen in older texts and articles:
isthmus (aorta)
isthmus (auditory tube)
isthmus (auricle of the ear)
isthmus (c...
Article
Coronary arterial dominance
Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the myocardium of the inferior third of the interventricular septum.
Most hearts (80-85%) are right dominant where the PDA is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA...
Article
Pulmonary sequestration (intralobar)
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ILS) is a subtype of pulmonary sequestration.
Clinical presentation
Patients usually present before the third decade with recurrent infection.
Pathology
It is the commoner type of pulmonary sequestration (four times commoner than extralobar sequestration)...
Article
Oropharyngeal isthmus
The oropharyngeal isthmus, a.k.a. isthmus of fauces, is the relative constriction of the anterior oropharynx that borders the oral cavity. The isthmus is sometimes described as the passage that transitions between the oral cavity and pharynx, but strictly speaking, it is part of the oropharynx.
...
Article
Myocardial oedema
Myocardial oedema refers to an increased water content of the myocardium particularly within the extracellular interstitium 1.
Clinical presentation
Myocardial oedema often reflects an acute or subacute cardiac event, most often either ischaemic or inflammatory and thus can be associated with ...
Article
Intraconal orbital lesions
Intraconal orbital lesions are broadly divided into two main groups; those with or without involvement of the optic nerves.
Lesions with optic nerve involvement:
optic nerve glioma
optic nerve meningioma
optic neuritis
pseudotumour
lymphoma and leukaemia
intracranial hypertension
retinob...
Article
Wilhelm Roentgen
Wilhelm C Roentgen (1845-1923) was a German physicist who is celebrated globally for his discovery of x-rays on 8 November 1895.
Early life
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (Röntgen in German) was born on 27 March 1845 in Lennep, Germany. He attended the primary and secondary school run by Martinus Her...
Article
Retroaortic anomalous coronary sign (echocardiography)
The retroaortic anomalous coronary (RAC) sign describes the sonographic appearance of an anomalous left coronary artery travelling posteriorly to the aortic root. It is most commonly observed with anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery from the right sinus of Valsalva, but is also descri...
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