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WHO classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors

Changed by David Luong, 24 Feb 2023

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Disclosures - updated 23 Aug 2022: Nothing to disclose

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The WHO classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours, last published in 2017, is a subset of the WHO classification of head and neck tumours (4^th edition), which lays out a histological classification system for neoplasms and other tumours related to the odontogenic apparatus.

Classification

Malignant odontogenic tumours

odontogenic carcinomas
- ameloblastic carcinoma
- primary intraosseous carcinoma, not otherwise specified
- sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma
- clear cell odontogenic carcinoma
- ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma
odontogenic carcinosarcoma
odontogenic sarcomas

Benign odontogenic tumours

benign epithelial odontogenic tumours
- ameloblastoma
  - ameloblastoma, unicystic type
  - ameloblastoma, extraosseous/peripheral type
  - metastasising ameloblastoma
- squamous odontogenic tumour
- calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour
- adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumours
- ameloblastic fibroma
- primordial odontogenic tumour
- odontoma
- dentinogenic ghost cell tumour
benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumours
- odontogenic fibroma
- odontogenic myxoma/myxofibroma
- cementoblastoma
- cemento -ossifying fibroma

Odontogenic cysts

odontogenic cysts of inflammatory origin
- radicular cyst
- inflammatory collateral cysts
odontogenic and non-odontogenic developmental cysts

Malignant maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours

Benign maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours

Fibro-osseous and osteochondromatous lesions

Giant cell lesions and simple bone cyst

Hematolymphoid tumours

solitary plasmacytoma of bone

-<p>The <strong>WHO classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours</strong>, last published in 2017, is a subset of the <a href="/articles/who-classification-of-head-and-neck-tumors">WHO classification of head and neck tumours</a> (4<sup>th</sup> edition), which lays out a histological classification system for neoplasms and other tumours related to the odontogenic apparatus.</p><h4>Classification</h4><h5>Malignant odontogenic tumours</h5><ul>
~~-<li>~~
~~-<strong>odontogenic carcinomas</strong><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/ameloblastic-carcinoma">ameloblastic carcinoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a title="Primary intraosseous carcinoma, not otherwise specified" href="/articles/primary-intraosseous-carcinoma">primary intraosseous carcinoma, not otherwise specified</a></li>~~
~~-<li>sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma</li>~~
~~-<li>clear cell odontogenic carcinoma</li>~~
~~-<li>ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma</li>~~
~~-</ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li>odontogenic carcinosarcoma</li>~~
~~-<li>odontogenic sarcomas</li>~~
~~-</ul><h5>Benign odontogenic tumours</h5><ul>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<strong>benign epithelial odontogenic tumours</strong><ul>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/ameloblastoma">ameloblastoma</a><ul>~~
~~-<li>ameloblastoma, unicystic type</li>~~
~~-<li>ameloblastoma, extraosseous/peripheral type</li>~~
~~-<li>metastasising ameloblastoma</li>~~
~~-</ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/squamous-odontogenic-tumour">squamous odontogenic tumour</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/calcifying-epithelial-odontogenic-tumour">calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/adenomatoid-odontogenic-tumour">adenomatoid odontogenic tumour</a></li>~~
~~-</ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<strong>benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumours</strong><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/ameloblastic-fibroma">ameloblastic fibroma</a></li>~~
~~-<li>primordial odontogenic tumour</li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/odontoma">odontoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/dentinogenic-ghost-cell-tumour">dentinogenic ghost cell tumour</a></li>~~
~~-</ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<strong>benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumours</strong><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/odontogenic-fibroma">odontogenic fibroma</a></li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/odontogenic-myxoma">odontogenic myxoma</a>/myxofibroma</li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/cementoblastoma">cementoblastoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/cemento-ossifying-fibroma">cemento</a><a href="/articles/cemento-ossifying-fibroma">-ossifying fibroma</a>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-</ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-</ul><h5>Odontogenic cysts</h5><ul>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<strong>odontogenic cysts of inflammatory origin</strong><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/periapical-cyst">radicular cyst</a></li>~~
~~-<li>inflammatory collateral cysts</li>~~
~~-</ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<strong>odontogenic and non-odontogenic developmental cysts</strong><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/dentigerous-cyst">dentigerous cyst</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/odontogenic-keratocyst">odontogenic keratocyst</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/lateral-periodontal-and-botryoid-odontogenic-cysts">lateral periodontal and botryoid odontogenic cysts</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/gingival-cyst">gingival cysts</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/glandular-odontogenic-cyst">glandular odontogenic cyst</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/calcifying-odontogenic-cyst">calcifying odontogenic cyst</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/orthokeratinized-odontogenic-cyst">orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/incisive-canal-cyst">nasopalatine duct cyst</a></li>~~
~~-</ul>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-</ul><h5>Malignant maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours </h5><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/chondrosarcoma">chondrosarcoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/mesenchymal-chondrosarcoma">mesenchymal chondrosarcoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/osteosarcoma">osteosarcoma</a></li>~~
~~-</ul><h5>Benign maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours</h5><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/enchondroma">chondroma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/osteoma">osteoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/melanotic-neuroectodermal-tumour-of-infancy">melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/chondroblastoma">chondroblastoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/chondromyxoid-fibroma">chondromyxoid fibroma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/osteoid-osteoma">osteoid osteoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/osteoblastoma">osteoblastoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/desmoplastic-fibroma">desmoplastic fibroma</a></li>~~
~~-</ul><h5>Fibro-osseous and osteochondromatous lesions</h5><ul>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/ossifying-fibroma">ossifying fibroma</a></li>~~
~~-<li>familial gigantiform <a href="/articles/cementoblastoma">cementoma</a>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/craniofacial-fibrous-dysplasia">fibrous dysplasia</a></li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/cemento-osseous-dysplasia-1">cemento</a><a href="/articles/cemento-osseous-dysplasia-1">-osseous dysplasia</a>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/osteochondroma">osteochondroma</a></li>~~
~~-</ul><h5>Giant cell lesions and simple bone cyst </h5><ul>~~
~~-<li>central <a href="/articles/central-giant-cell-lesions-granuloma">giant cell granuloma</a>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li>peripheral <a href="/articles/central-giant-cell-lesions-granuloma">giant cell granuloma</a>~~
~~-</li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/cherubism">cherubism</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/aneurysmal-bone-cyst">aneurysmal bone cyst</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/unicameral-bone-cyst-1">simple bone cyst</a></li>~~
+<p>The <strong>WHO classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours</strong>, last published in 2017, is a subset of the <a href="/articles/who-classification-of-head-and-neck-tumors">WHO classification of head and neck tumours</a> (4<sup>th</sup> edition), which lays out a histological classification system for neoplasms and other tumours related to the odontogenic apparatus.</p><h4>Classification</h4><h5>Malignant odontogenic tumours</h5><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>odontogenic carcinomas</strong><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/ameloblastic-carcinoma">ameloblastic carcinoma</a></li>
+<li><a title="Primary intraosseous carcinoma, not otherwise specified" href="/articles/primary-intraosseous-carcinoma">primary intraosseous carcinoma, not otherwise specified</a></li>
+<li>sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma</li>
+<li>clear cell odontogenic carcinoma</li>
+<li>ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>odontogenic carcinosarcoma</li>
+<li>odontogenic sarcomas</li>
+</ul><h5>Benign odontogenic tumours</h5><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>benign epithelial odontogenic tumours</strong><ul>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/ameloblastoma">ameloblastoma</a><ul>
+<li>ameloblastoma, unicystic type</li>
+<li>ameloblastoma, extraosseous/peripheral type</li>
+<li>metastasising ameloblastoma</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="/articles/squamous-odontogenic-tumour">squamous odontogenic tumour</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/calcifying-epithelial-odontogenic-tumour">calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/adenomatoid-odontogenic-tumour">adenomatoid odontogenic tumour</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumours</strong><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/ameloblastic-fibroma">ameloblastic fibroma</a></li>
+<li>primordial odontogenic tumour</li>
+<li><a href="/articles/odontoma">odontoma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/dentinogenic-ghost-cell-tumour">dentinogenic ghost cell tumour</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumours</strong><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/odontogenic-fibroma">odontogenic fibroma</a></li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/odontogenic-myxoma">odontogenic myxoma</a>/myxofibroma</li>
+<li><a href="/articles/cementoblastoma">cementoblastoma</a></li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/cemento-ossifying-fibroma">cemento</a><a href="/articles/cemento-ossifying-fibroma">-ossifying fibroma</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul><h5>Odontogenic cysts</h5><ul>
+<li>
+<strong>odontogenic cysts of inflammatory origin</strong><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/periapical-cyst">radicular cyst</a></li>
+<li>inflammatory collateral cysts</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>odontogenic and non-odontogenic developmental cysts</strong><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/dentigerous-cyst">dentigerous cyst</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/odontogenic-keratocyst">odontogenic keratocyst</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/lateral-periodontal-and-botryoid-odontogenic-cysts">lateral periodontal and botryoid odontogenic cysts</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/gingival-cyst">gingival cysts</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/glandular-odontogenic-cyst">glandular odontogenic cyst</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/calcifying-odontogenic-cyst">calcifying odontogenic cyst</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/orthokeratinized-odontogenic-cyst">orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/incisive-canal-cyst">nasopalatine duct cyst</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul><h5>Malignant maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours </h5><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/chondrosarcoma">chondrosarcoma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/mesenchymal-chondrosarcoma">mesenchymal chondrosarcoma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/osteosarcoma">osteosarcoma</a></li>
+</ul><h5>Benign maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours</h5><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/enchondroma">chondroma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/osteoma">osteoma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/melanotic-neuroectodermal-tumour-of-infancy">melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/chondroblastoma">chondroblastoma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/chondromyxoid-fibroma">chondromyxoid fibroma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/osteoid-osteoma">osteoid osteoma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/osteoblastoma">osteoblastoma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/desmoplastic-fibroma">desmoplastic fibroma</a></li>
+</ul><h5>Fibro-osseous and osteochondromatous lesions</h5><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/ossifying-fibroma">ossifying fibroma</a></li>
+<li>familial gigantiform <a href="/articles/cementoblastoma">cementoma</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="/articles/craniofacial-fibrous-dysplasia">fibrous dysplasia</a></li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/cemento-osseous-dysplasia-1">cemento</a><a href="/articles/cemento-osseous-dysplasia-1">-osseous dysplasia</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="/articles/osteochondroma">osteochondroma</a></li>
+</ul><h5>Giant cell lesions and simple bone cyst </h5><ul>
+<li>central <a href="/articles/central-giant-cell-lesions-granuloma">giant cell granuloma</a>
+</li>
+<li>peripheral <a href="/articles/central-giant-cell-lesions-granuloma">giant cell granuloma</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="/articles/cherubism">cherubism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/aneurysmal-bone-cyst">aneurysmal bone cyst</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/unicameral-bone-cyst-1">simple bone cyst</a></li>

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Case 35: Cementoblastoma

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Case 83: Ameloblastoma

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Case 94: Ameloblastoma

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Case 71: Ameloblastoma

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Case 42: Cemento-ossifying fibroma

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Case 16: Odontoma

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Case 27: Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma

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Case 58: Maxillary odontogenic keratocyst

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Case 69: Odontogenic myxoma of the maxilla

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